定海区居民甲状腺结节的影响因素分析

Factors affecting thyroid nodules among residents in Dinghai District

目的 了解浙江省舟山市定海区居民的甲状腺结节检出情况及影响因素,为制定甲状腺结节防控措施提供依据。方法 于2022年7—9月,采用多阶段分层随机抽样方法抽取定海区≥18岁且居住时间≥5年的居民为调查对象,采用个人基本情况登记表收集基本信息,测量身高、体重、腰围和血压,检测空腹血糖、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)和尿碘等指标;采用彩超仪进行颈部甲状腺超声检查;分析甲状腺结节检出率并采用2010年第六次全国人口普查数据进行标化;采用多因素logistic回归模型分析甲状腺结节的影响因素。结果 调查434人,其中男性151人,占34.79%;女性283人,占65.21%。年龄为(49.97±14.74)岁。检出甲状腺结节232例,粗检出率为53.46%,标化检出率为35.69%,其中单发性结节的粗检出率为19.82%,多发性结节的粗检出率为33.64%。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,性别(女,OR=2.355,95%CI:1.520~3.647)、年龄(40~<60岁,OR=2.344,95%CI:1.416~3.878;≥60岁,OR=5.157,95%CI:2.869~9.272)和LDL-C (偏高,OR=1.706,95%CI:1.065~2.734)是甲状腺结节的影响因素。结论 女性、40岁及以上和LDL-C偏高的定海区居民发生甲状腺结节的风险较高。

Objective To investigate the detection of thyroid nodules and its influencing factors among residents in Dinghai District, Zhoushan City, Zhejiang Province, so as to provide insights into formulation of thyroid nodule control measures. Methods Residents who were at ages of 18 years and older and had lived for 5 years or more in Dinghai District were sampled using a multi-stage stratified random sampling method from July to September 2022. Basic infor⁃ mation was collected using a basic personal information registration form, the height, body weight, waist circumference and blood pressure were measured, and fasting blood glucose, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and urinary io⁃ dine were detected. Ultrasound examination of the thyroid gland in the neck was performed using a color ultrasound de⁃ vice;and the detection of thyroid nodules was analyzed and standardized by the population of the Sixth National Popula⁃ tion Census in 2010. Factors affecting thyroid nodules using a multivariable logistic regression model. Results A total of 434 residents were included, with a mean age of (49.97±14.74) years. There were 151 males (34.79%) and 283 fe⁃ males (65.21%). Thyroid nodules were detected in 232 cases, with a crude detection rate of 53.46% and a standardized detection rate of 35.69%, and the crude detection rate was 19.82% for solitary nodules and 33.64% for multiple nod⁃ ules. Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified gender (female, OR=2.355, 95%CI: 1.520-3.647), age (40 to 59 years, OR=2.344, 95%CI: 1.416-3.878;60 years and older, OR=5.157, 95%CI: 2.869-9.272), high level of LDL-C (OR= 1.706, 95%CI: 1.065-2.734) as factors affecting thyroid nodules. Conclusion The risk of thyroid nodules is higher among residents who are female, are 40 years and older and have high levels of LDL-C in Dinghai District.