2015—2022年海淀区诺如病毒疫情流行特征

Epidemiological characteristics of norovirus epidemics in Haidian District from 2015 to 2022

目的了解2015—2022年北京市海淀区诺如病毒疫情流行特征,为预防和控制诺如病毒疫情提供依据。方法收集2015—2022年海淀区诺如病毒疫情的现场流行病学调查资料、病例资料和实验室检测资料,采用描述性流行病学方法分析诺如病毒疫情的时间分布、空间分布、人群分布和诺如病毒检出情况。结果2015—2022年海淀区共报告诺如病毒疫情208起,病例3530例,罹患率M(QR)为25.00%(18.35%)。检出病原体以GⅡ型为主,183起占87.98%;传播方式以人际传播为主,194起占93.27%。诺如病毒疫情发生高峰为3—6月和10—12月,分别报告93和92起,占44.71%和44.23%。学校和学前机构为诺如病毒疫情主要发生场所,分别报告108和84起,占51.92%和40.38%。诺如病毒病例年龄M(QR)为8(13)岁;其中男性1920例,女性1610例,男女比为1.19∶1。病例标本阳性率为74.32%,重点人群标本阳性率为13.91%,疫情单位环境涂抹标本阳性率为5.86%。结论2015—2022年海淀区诺如病毒疫情主要由GⅡ型引起,传播方式以人际传播为主,冬春季为发病高峰,学校和学前机构是防控重点单位。

Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of the norovirus epidemics in Haidian District,Beijing Municipality from 2015 to 2022,so as to provide insights into epidemic prevention and control.Methods The epidemiological characteristics,case data,and laboratory testing of norovirus epidemics were collected in Haidian District from 2015 to 2022,and the temporal distribution,spatial distribution,population distribution,and norovirus detection were analyzed using a descriptive epidemiological method.Results A total of 208 norovirus epidemics involving 3530 cases were reported in Haidian District from 2015 to 2022,with a median attack rate of 25.00%(interquartile range,18.35%).The main pathogens detected were type GⅡ,accounting for 87.98%(183 cases),and the main transmission mode was interpersonal transmission,accounting for 93.27%(194 cases).Norovirus epidemics peaked from March to June and October to December,accounting for 44.71%(93 epidemics)and 44.23%(92 epidemics),and predominantly oc⁃curred in schools and preschool institutions,accounting for 51.92%(108 epidemics)and 40.38%(84 epidemics).The me⁃dian age of norovirus infected cases was 8(interquartile range,13)years.There were 1920 males and 1610 females,with a ratio of 1.19︰1.The positive rates of case specimens,key population specimens and environment smeared speci⁃mens in epidemic units were 74.32%,13.91%and 5.86%,respectively.Conclusions The norovirus epidemics in Haidi⁃an District from 2015 to 2022 was mainly caused by type GⅡand spread from person to person.The epidemics peaked in winter and spring,and schools and preschool institutions were the key units of prevention and control.