不同体质、献血次数及循环血量人群对机采血小板献血反应风险的影响探究

Exploring the Impact of Different Physical Constitutions,Blood Donation Frequency,and Circulating Blood Volume on the Risk of Platelet Donation Reaction in Mechanically Collected Platelets

目的:探讨机采血小板不同体质、献血情况等人群的不同献血反应,分析其影响。方法:筛选2021年1月~2023年3月500名献血者作为研究对象,全部对象均在天津市血液中心机采成分科捐献血小板,收集其一般资料、观察不良反应发生情况,按照不同体质、献血次数、循环血量人群不良反应发生情况进行对比,分析机采血小板献血反应发生的危险因素。结果:500名机采血小板捐献者中28例出现不良反应,均为非重度献血反应,无重度献血反应。体质量70kg以上献血者不良反应发生率低于50kg以下、50~70kg献血者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。体质量50kg以下、50~70kg献血者不良反应发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。不同献血次数人群不良反应发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。循环血量2500mL以上人群不良反应发生率高于2500mL以下人群,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:机采血小板献血反应风险整体可控,体重较轻和循环血量大人群此类反应发生风险较高,应针对此类人群制定相应的预见性管理对策,实施科学管理措施以降低风险,保证机采血小板献血工作有序进行,保证献血者安全。

Objective:To explore the different blood donation reactions of people with different constitutions and blood donation situations of mechanically collected platelets,and analyze their impact.Methods:A total of 500 blood donors from January 2021 to March 2023 were selected as the study subjects.All the subjects donated platelets in the machine collection component department of Tianjin Blood Center,collected their general information,observed the incidence of adverse reactions,and compared the incidence of adverse reactions among people with different physiques,blood donation times,and circulating blood volume.The risk factors of platelet donation reactions were analyzed.Results:Among the 500 mechanically collected platelet donors,28 experienced adverse reactions,all of which were non severe donor reactions and no severe donor reactions.The incidence of adverse reactions in blood donors with a constitution of over 70kg was lower than that in those with a constitution of less than 50kg and those with a weight of 50-70kg,with a statistically significant difference(P<0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between blood donors with a body weight of less than 50kg and those with a body weight of 50-70kg(P>0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions among people with different blood donation frequencies(P>0.05).The incidence of adverse reactions in people with circulating blood volume above 2500mL was higher than that in people with circulating blood volume below 2500mL,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion:The overall risk of platelet donation reaction in machine collected platelets is controllable,and the risk of such reactions is relatively high in individuals with light body weight and high circulating blood volume.Corresponding predictive management strategies should be developed for such populations,and scientific management measures should be implemented to reduce risks,ensure the orderly progress of platelet donation work in machine collected platelets,and ensure the safety of blood donors.