氯化钾注射液不良反应文献分析

Literature analysis of adverse drug reactions induced by potassium chloride injection

目的分析氯化钾注射液致药品不良反应(ADR)发生的一般规律和特点,为临床安全合理用药提供参考。方法通过检索中国知网、万方、维普数据库,收集氯化钾注射液致ADR的个案文献报道进行回顾性分析。结果共检索到文献48篇,纳入51例患者,其中男25例,女26例;患者年龄3个月~96岁,60岁以上患者22例(43.14%);存在禁忌证用药和说明书外溶媒的使用;ADR发生时间以给药1天内为主(86.27%);主要ADR表现为皮肤坏死、过敏性休克、高钾血症及其他输液相关反应等。结论使用氯化钾注射液应加强监测,重点监测老年用药,依据说明书规范用药,警惕新的、严重的ADR,确保临床用药安全。

Objective To analyze the general rules and characteristics of adverse drug reactions(ADR)induced by potassium chloride injection so as to provide reference for clinical rational drug use.Methods Cases reports of ADR induced by potassium chloride injection were collected and retrospectively analyzed by searching the databases including CNKI,Wanfang and VIP.Results A total of 48 papers were retrieved,51 patients were enrolled in this study,including 25 males and 26 females;Patients were aged from 3 months to 96 years old,22 patients(43.14%)were over 60 years old.There are contraindications and use of off-label solvents;The occurrence time of ADR was mainly within 1 day(86.27%);The main ADR manifestations were skin necrosis,anaphylactic shock,hyperkalemia and other infusion related reactions.Conclusion Monitoring should be strengthened when using potassium chloride injection,focus on monitoring medication for the elderly,standardize drug use according to instructions,new and serious ADRs should be alerted,in order to ensure the clinical safety drug use.