中国龙头科技企业技术创新能力驱动路径研究——基于fsQCA研究方法

The Driving Force of Technological Innovation in China's Leading Sci-tech Enterprises Using the fsQCA Research Method

为推动中国科技企业高质量发展,提升科技企业创新能力,对中国龙头科技企业技术创新能力进行深入探究。基于企业内部研发资金投入、研发人员投入和税收优惠、地方补贴及行业技术5个前因条件,阐述其对中国龙头科技企业技术创新能力的影响。采用模糊集定性比较分析法对26家中国不同行业上市龙头科技企业进行分析,构建前因条件对创新能力的影响框架,结果发现:从整体看,企业研发投入、地方政府补贴以及行业技术通过不同条件组态影响龙头科技企业创新能力;从企业资源看,相较于研发资金,研发人员对龙头科技企业创新能力的影响更加显著;从外部环境看,市场和政府采用优势互补方式驱动龙头科技企业创新,且市场行业技术对企业创新的影响更显著,地方政府补贴对企业创新发挥显著激励作用。

In order to break through the technology blockades imposed by some developed Western countries,China has been striving for scientific and technological innovation.For sci-tech enterprises,the innovation capability of an enterprise involves many factors,such as the size of the enterprise itself,profitability and capital structure.Scientific and technological innovation in enterprises tends to be dynamic,of nonlinear growth based on market-driven,technology-driven,and relationship-driven organizational transformation.The development and innovation capability of sci-tech enterprises interact with each other through the combination of internal resources and external environment.But the relationship and interaction between antecedent factors and the influence of different configurations of antecedent factors on the outcome effect are prone to being ignored by the mere quantitative linear analysis of antecedent conditions,resulting in insufficient expression of the impact of the outcome effect.Thus,this paper combines qualitative analysis with quantitative analysis to explore the influence of antecedent condition configuration in the internal and external environment on the ability of science and technology innovation and the relationship between each antecedent condition.From a three-dimensional strategic perspective,this paper selects five antecedents,namely,enterprise R&D personnel investment,enterprise R&D capital investment,local government subsidies,national tax incentives and market industry technology from the two major directions of enterprise internal resources and enterprise external environment.Because the number of patents applied by sci-tech enterprises reflects their technological innovation capabilities,it is taken as the outcome variable of this study.By using fuzzy set comparative analysis(fsQCA),this paper studies the driving force of technological innovation in 26 Chinese leading listed sci-tech enterprises.The conclusions of this paper are as follows.(1)Enterprise R&D investment,local government subsidies and industry technology affect the innovation capability of leading sci-tech enterprises through different conditional configurations.Some scholars believe that enterprise R&D investment and government financial subsidies are the key driving forces for technological innovation of sci-tech enterprises,while this paper complements that market industry technology is one of the indispensable key driving forces for technological innovation of leading sci-tech enterprises.(2)The impact of R&D personnel on the innovation ability of leading sci-tech enterprises is more important than that of R&D funds.Some scholars believe that the importance of R&D funds is greater than that of R&D personnel in the driving forces of technological innovation in small and medium-sized sci-tech enterprises.By studying the driving forces of technological innovation in China's leading sci-tech enterprises,this paper confirms that the importance of R&D personnel is greater than that of R&D funds.This also shows the particularity of leading sci-tech enterprises compared with ordinary sci-tech enterprises.(3)The market and the government drive the innovation of leading sci-tech enterprises in a complementary way,and the market industry technology is more attractive to enterprise innovation,and local government subsidies have a dominant stimulating effect on enterprise innovation.It is believed that technological innovation of enterprises is stimulated by government subsidies and tax incentives,and it is found that local government subsidies have a dominant influence on technological innovation of leading technological enterprises,while the influence of tax incentives on technological innovation of leading sci-tech enterprises seems to disappear.There are two main theoretical contributions in this study.First,it tests the government's driving effect on the technological innovation of leading sci-tech enterprises,confirms the market's stimulating effect on the technological innovation of leading sci-tech enterprises,and the promotion effect of R&D investment on leading sci-tech enterprises.Second,it verifies the equivalent configuration path driving the technological innovation of leading sci-tech enterprises by the configuration method,and delves into the analysis of the factor relationship and configuration difference driving the technological innovation of leading sci-tech enterprises in China,providing a new research idea and methodology for the study of complex subjects such as leading scientific and technological enterprises.