平台就业者工作价值观的潜在剖面分析及其对个体行为的影响

Latent Profile Analysis of Platform Workers'Work Values and the Influence on Individual Behavior

揭示平台就业者工作价值观的潜在类别特征,有助于弥补现有工作价值观相关研究的不足。对来自不同平台及行业的平台就业者发放调查问卷,共回收得到300份有效问卷,基于此,采用潜在剖面分析法,探究平台就业者工作价值观的潜在类别结构,及其是否在员工创造力和工作激情两个结果变量上存在显著差异。结果显示:平台就业者的工作价值观具有3个潜在剖面,即传统型、中立型和现代型;不同类别的工作价值观群体对个体创造力和工作激情的影响存在显著差异,并且现代型工作价值观群体的创造力水平和工作激情水平更高。

The application of new technologies has changed the traditional mode of economic operation and management,and new ways of human resource management have brought a large number of flexible jobs to the internet platform.They tend to have a relatively loose connection with the organization with a certain or some type of task as the goal.Their job demands and work values are also greatly different from those of traditional employment.Platform employees pay more attention to the pursuit of personal value,focus on the benefits,experiences and fun brought by work,and pursue free working hours,an independent work environment,and independent work arrangements.Therefore,their job demands also tend to shift from salary and career promotion to income sharing,from corporate loyalty and organizational commitment to career satisfaction,and they have more traditional work values.In this context,it is of significance for the human resource management of platform enterprises to explore the individual differences in the characteristics of work values of platform employees and their possible influence.Different from the traditional"variable-centered"research method,this study uses a typical"individual-centered"research method,i.e.,latent profile analysis(LPA).Using the scale of 21-item work values revised by Meyer,it collects the data of flexible employees in different industries and different types of platforms across the country,with 300 valid questionnaires retrieved from network anchors,online novelists,graphic designers,we-media practitioners and other flexible employees.Three potential profiles of the work values of Chinese platform employees are identified as follows:the group of traditional work values,neutral work values and modern work values.Among them,the group of neutral work values is the largest(57.1%),and the scores in each item are at the medium level.This group is characterized by being unwilling to be stable and afraid of failure and responsibility,wanting to pursue ability improvement and personal growth,and often maintaining a neutral attitude.The group of modern work values(29.0%)score the highest in each item.They are characterized by the pursuit of individual development and ability improvement.They pay attention to creativity,innovation,the exploration of new knowledge and new skills,with a focus on material benefits as well as the experience and growth.The scores of the group of traditional work values(13.9%)are lower than those of the other two groups.Most of these groups choose platform employment under the pressure of survival or unemployment,and they still hold traditional pursuits of stability,comfort,and promotion benefits.By further adding two different outcome variables to construct a regression mixture model,it is found that different categories of work value groups also show significant differences in employee creativity and work passion.Among them,the group of modern work values has the highest scores in the two outcome variables of creativity and work passion.It is because this group is more courageous in pursuing the realization of personal value.They value the benefits,experience and fun brought by work.The creativity level and passion level of the neutral work values group are in the medium state,while the creativity level and passion level of the traditional work values group are low.The main reason is that they pay more attention to leisure,stable and comfortable working conditions,and are unwilling to accept challenges,so they often choose to do things step by step in work,often lack passion for work,and find it more difficult to produce creativity.Moreover,there are significant differences in terms of age and educational background among these groups.The groups of traditional work values and the neutral work values have differences in terms of age and education background,respectively.This shows that the age and education level of the platform employees will affect the formation and development of their work values of the platform employees.