民营企业的成本变动、压力来源与应对策略分析

Analysis on the Cost Changes,Pressure Sources,and Corresponding Strategies of Private Enterprises

受国内外多重因素影响,我国民营企业面临的成本压力日益突出,且未来预期转弱、发展信心不足问题非常普遍。为提振民营企业发展信心、营造更加有利于民营经济发展壮大的制度环境,2023年我国陆续出台实施了一系列政策措施,其主要着力点是降低民营企业的生产经营成本特别是制度性交易成本。为此,本文以实地调查为基础,系统考察我国民营企业的成本变动及其影响,剖析加剧民营企业成本压力的主要因素,并从强化产业链协同入手,探讨助力民营企业有效应对成本压力的基本思路和可行建议,为优化政策设计、提高政策效能、更好更快地促进民营经济发展壮大提供决策支撑。

Affected by domestic and foreign factors,Chinese private enterprises are facing increasingly prominent cost pressures,and their problem of weakened future expectations and insufficient development confidence is very common.In order to boost the development confidence of private enterprises and create more favorable institutional environment for the sustained growth of private economy,China has successively introduced and implemented a series of policies in 2023,focusing on reducing the production and operation costs(especially institutional transaction costs)of private enterprises.Based on field investigations,therefore,this paper systematically examines the costs changes and their impacts of Chinese private enterprises,analyzes the main factors that exacerbate the cost pressure on private enterprises,and explores the basic ideas and feasible suggestions to help private enterprises effectively cope with cost pressures from the perspective of strengthening industrial chain collaboration,which can provide decision-making support for optimizing policy design,improving policy effectiveness,and promoting better and faster growth of private economy.