基于多元统计的某流域地表水水质分析

Analysis of Surface Water Quality in a Basin Based on Multivariate Statistics

本研究采用多元统计方法来评估某流域上游地区的地表水水质。该数据集包括73个监测点的温度、pH值、生物需氧量(BOD5)、化学需氧量(COD_(Cr))、铵态氮(NH4+-N)和粪大肠菌群等6个参数。采用主成分分析(PCA)和聚类分析(CA)对地表水水质的空间变化规律进行分析,识别出地表水水质的重要参数。结果表明,水体水质受到有机物(高BOD5和高COD_(Cr))、营养物质和微生物的影响。PCA结果表明,工业、城市和旅游3个潜在污染源可以解释总方差的87.03%;大肠菌群是控制研究区地表水水质的主要潜在因素。CA结果表明,人为活动(尤其是城市和旅游活动)对地表水质量的恶化有显著影响。

In this study,a multivariate statistical method was used to evaluate the surface water quality in the upper reaches of a basin.The dataset included six parameters of temperature,pH,biological oxygen demand(BOD5),chemical oxygen demand(COD_(Cr)),ammonium nitrogen(NH4+-N),and coliform population at 73 sites.Cluster analysis(CA)and principal component analysis(PCA)were used to analyze the spatial variation of surface water quality,and the important parameters of surface water quality were identified.The results show that the water quality is affected by organic matter(high BOD5 and high COD_(Cr)),nutrients and microorganisms.The results of PCA showed that industry,city and tourism could explain 87.03%of the total variance.Coliform is the main potential factor controlling surface water quality in the study area.CA divided the sampling sites into 11 groups,of which the large river group had better water quality.The results show that human activities,especially urban and tourism activities,have an obvious influence on the deterioration of surface water quality.