从“以仁统乐”到“以乐教人”——孔子论“乐”的演进层次

From“Governing Music with Benevolence”to“Educating People with Music”:Confucius Discussion on the Evolution Level of“Music”

“以仁统乐”“以乐存正”“以乐教人”构成了孔子恢弘乐道的三个层面。为厘正音乐,孔子以“仁”为本,强调“仁”对乐的内在决定作用,主张回归乐的道德情感本质,发掘出乐的道德基础。孔子进一步以礼乐活动影射社会秩序,敦促社会各阶层“克己复礼”,以符合正道,使乐发挥恢复和稳定社会秩序的作用,实现“以乐存正”的社会理想。孔子还认为正声雅乐能化形而美俗,以其教民,可以达到国治民和的目的。

“Governing music with benevolence”,“maintaining orthodoxy with music”and“educating people with music”constitute the three aspects of grand Confucius music way.In order to correct music,Confucius takes“benevolence”as the foundation and emphasizes the inner determining effect of“benevolence”on music,and advocates returning to the moral and emotional nature of music and exploring the moral basis of music.Confucius further uses rite and music activities to allude to the social order,urging all classes of society to“deny selves and return to propriety”and to conform to the right way,making music give play to the role of recovering and stabilizing the social order,and realizing the social ideal of“maintaining orthodoxy with music”.Confucius also thinks that elegant music can civilize customs,and achieve the purpose of governing the country and making people harmonious with its educating people.