关中地区木轮大车系驾构件制作技艺研究

A Study of the Techniques of Making Traditional Harness Accessories

关中木轮大车于2016年入选陕西省第五批非物质文化遗产代表性项目名录。鉴于前人对木轮大车系驾构件制作技艺的忽视,文章依据连接位置将系驾构件分为系马构件、驾马构件两类,并详细记录了系驾构件的结构和制作工艺流程,以及系驾构件与车辆的连接过程和马与车的装套卸载过程。对比其他地区的系驾法,构件在材料、形状和结构上虽有差异,但在与车的连接顺序和与马的装套脱车方式上基本相同。从古代系驾法的发展情况来看,关中地区木轮大车系驾构件制作技艺蕴含重要的民俗文化内涵,对研究中国古代系驾法具有重要的参考价值。

Guanzhong wooden wheeled chariots are important in China's vehicle development history,this paper centers on the production of the harness accessories,which is lack of previous research.In this paper,the harness accessories are innovatively reclassified according to the connection position,and as a framework for detailed recording of components structure,production preparation and production process.The paper also systematically investigates the process of connecting the harness components to the chariots,and loading and unloading horse.It is found that,horizontally comparison of the harnessing methods of different regions,there are differences in the materials,shape and structures of the components,but they are basically the same in the order of connecting with the vehicle and the way of loading and unloading with the horse.Vertical comparison of ancient and current harnessing method,harness components of Guanzhong wooden wheeled chariots using more traditional technology,for the study of China's ancient harnessing method has an important reference value.The production technique of harnessing components contains very important folk culture connotations.However,the situation of current development is not optimistic and the further protection of its value in application,economy and art is necessary.