政法传统视角下的政治责任论析

Political Responsibility in China’s Context and Its Historical Changes

近代以来的社会契约理论打造了自由主义的政治法律框架,形式主义个人责任成为现代法律的基本预设,但超越法律责任的政治责任依旧有其存在空间。政治责任在中国有着礼法和政法两重渊源:一方面,在儒家的礼法传统下,每个人由于其在社会关系网络中的地位不同而被施予不同的责任,类似于某种差序连带责任;另一方面,在社会主义政法体制下,阶级关系、政治因素会进入到责任的分配之中,特别是在先锋队政党理论下,党员干部要承担更重的实质意义上的责任。新时代的政治责任继承、弘扬并且创新了中华优秀传统文化的伦理责任,实现了对马克思主义先锋队政党责任的延续与超越,是“两个结合”在法律责任议题上的具体体现。

The social contract theory since modern times has created a liberal political and legal framework,in which formalistic personal responsibility has become the basic presupposition of modern law,but political responsibility,which is beyond legal responsibility,continues to exist.Unlike in the West,political responsibility in China has both ethical and political origins.On the one hand,under the Confucian ethic tradition,each individual is assigned different responsibilities due to his or her different positions in the social network,similar to some kind of differential system of responsibility.On the other hand,in today’s socialist political law system,class relations and political factors are ascribed to the distribution of responsibilities,especially under the vanguard party theory,party cadres have to bear heavier responsibilities in a substantive sense.The political responsibility in the new era inherits the best of the ethical responsibility of the fine traditional Chinese culture,and continues the commitment to the responsibility of the vanguard political party,and is the concrete embodiment of the“two combinations”in the issue of legal responsibility.