乡村文化振兴背景下非遗代表性传承人主体性的递变——基于对“土家族撒叶儿嗬”代表性传承人的考察

THE SUBJECTIVITY EVOLUTION OF REPRESENTATIVE INHERITORS OF INTANGIBLE CULTURAL HERITAGE IN THE BACKGROUND OF RURAL CULTURE REVITALIZATION:On the Investigation of the Representative Inheritors of“Tujia Sayeerhe”

随着我国非遗保护实践与乡村社会发展等领域互嵌程度的不断加深,非遗代表性传承人的主体性逐渐从单一文化事象的承载者、实践者和传授者向传统文化传承的引领者、乡村文化的代言人和社区秩序的调适者拓展,在乡村振兴的时代背景下呈现出文化引领型新乡贤的特征。非遗代表性传承人的主体性递变与非遗保护传承体系的开放性、非遗传承主体的价值追求以及乡村文化产业发展紧密相关;也正是在非遗代表性传承人主体性递变背景下,不同文化群体在主体间性的观照中提升了文化自觉与自省,维系了非遗传承的有序状态,激发了乡村文化振兴的内生动力。

With the deepening of mutual embedment between the practice of intangible culture heritage protection and the development of rural society in China,the subjectivity of representative inheritors of intangible cultural heritage has gradually expanded from the carriers,practitioners,and initiators of a single cultural object to the leaders of traditional cultural inheritance,the spokesmen of rural culture,and the adjusters of community order,presenting the characteristics of culture-leading type of new rural elites in the context of rural revitalization.The subjectivity evolution of representative inheritors of intangible cultural heritage is closely related to the openness of the intangible cultural heritage protection and inheritance system,and to the value pursuit of intangible cultural heritage inheritors and the development of rural cultural industries;and in the context of the subjectivity evolution of representative inheritors of intangible cultural heritage,different cultural groups,through inter-subjectivity reflexivity,have enhanced cultural consciousness and introspection,maintained an orderly state of intangible cultural heritage inheritance,and stimulated the endogenous driving force of rural cultural revitalization.