船桥碰撞非线性数值仿真研究

Study on Nonlinear Numerical Simulation of Ship-Bridge Collision

为了研究湘江流域典型桥梁船桥碰撞时的撞击力和能量转换过程,为后续大桥的防船撞设计提供参考,以株洲建宁大桥为研究背景,按照实际尺寸建立货船和桥墩模型,并使用ABAQUS有限元软件对其进行非线性动力仿真分析,研究了船桥碰撞过程中,船的撞击速度、吨位和撞击角度对撞击力的影响,以及船的变形情况和船桥碰撞中的能量转化关系。研究结果表明:船撞力峰值和船速存在正相关关系;船舶的吨位越大,撞击力峰值越大并且撞击的时间越长;船的撞击角度与碰撞时间之间没有呈现出明显的规律;船的撞击速度、吨位和撞击角度3种影响因素对船桥碰撞的撞击力和船体变形均有影响,但主要因素还是船速和船的吨位;在碰撞过程中,船的撞击动能基本转化为塑性变形能,船体变形主要集中在船艏碰撞区域,远离碰撞区域的船身部位没有明显的变形。

In view of a study on the collision force and energy conversion process of typical bridges in Xiangjiang River Basin,so as to provide reference for the anti-collision design of follow-up bridges,taking Zhuzhou Jianning Bridge as the research background,with the models of cargo ships and piers established according to the actual size,and with a nonlinear dynamic simulation analysis carried out by using ABAQUSfinite element software,a research has been conducted on the effects of ship impact speed,tonnage and impact angle on the impact force,as well as the relationship between ship deformation and energy transformation in ship-bridge collision.The results show that there is a positive correlation between the peak collision force and the ship speed;the larger the tonnage of the ship,the greater the peak impact force and the longer the impact time;there is no distinct pattern between the impact angle and the collision time.Ship impact speed,tonnage and impact angle are three influencing factors on the impact force and hull deformation of ship bridge collision,with ship speed and ship tonnage being the major ones.In the process of collision,the impact kinetic energy of the ship is basically transformed into plastic deformation energy,and the hull deformation is mainly concentrated in the bow collision area,without any obvious deformation in the hull far away from the collision area.