城乡居民养老保险对消费水平的影响——来自中国家庭追踪调查数据(CFPS)的经验证据

The Impact of Urban and Rural Residents Pension Insurance on Consumption——Empirical Evidence from China Family Panel Studies

养老保险是中国社会保障体系的基本部分,较多文献揭示了养老保险制度的完善有助于促进居民消费水平,但作为强制储蓄性质的养老保险是否具有同样的积极作用尚不明晰。本文基于2016年和2018年中国家庭动态跟踪调查(CFPS)数据,运用双向固定效应模型实证检验城乡居民养老保险对居民家庭消费的影响机制。研究结果表明:提高城乡居民养老保险显著提高了消费水平,参与城乡居民养老保险对高收入家庭的消费不存在显著影响,对低收入家庭的消费具有显著促进作用,养老保险对不同经济发展水平地区家庭的消费水平影响存在显著的异质性。总体看,城乡居民养老保险能够显著促进居民消费,改善低收入群体和经济欠发达地区居民的生活水平。

Pension insurance is a fundamental component of China's social security system.Numerous studies have revealed that the improvement of the pension insurance system contributes to the enhancement of residents'consumption levels.However,it remains unclear whether the compulsory savings nature of pension insurance yields similar positive effects.This article,based on the data from the 2016 and 2018 China Family Panel Studies(CFPS),employs a two-way fixed effects model to empirically examine the impact mechanism of urban and rural residents pension insurance on consumption.It finds that receiving urban and rural residents pension insurance significantly improves consumption levels.Participating in urban and rural residents pension insurance does not have a significant impact on the consumption of high-income families,and has a significant promoting effect on the consumption of low-income families.There is significant heterogeneity in the impact of pension insurance on the consumption level of households between districts with different economic development levels.Overall,urban and rural residents pension insurance can significantly promote consumption and improve the living standards of low-income groups and residents living in economically underdeveloped areas.