偏凸山羊草染色体的GISH和FISH核型分析

GISH and FISH Karyotype Analysis of the Chromosomes in Aegilops ventricosa

为了解偏凸山羊草染色体的组成及特点,本试验采用基因组原位杂交(GISH)和荧光原位杂交(FISH)技术对其染色体进行核型分析,以期为其应用于小麦遗传育种研究奠定细胞学基础。结果表明:GISH分析可以将偏凸山羊草的D、N两个染色体组清晰区分,发现D、N组染色体之间发生易位的2对染色体。偏凸山羊草染色体上Oligo-pAs1-2红色信号强且丰富,大多数信号分布于染色体端部。N组染色体上Oligo-pSc119.2-1绿色信号多于D组染色体。(GAA)7红色信号强且丰富,主要分布于染色体着丝点附近;N组染色体上的(GAA)7信号明显强于D组染色体,多呈现较大面积的团状信号。根据偏凸山羊草的FISH核型,发现2对易位染色体分别是T5NL·3DL和T5NS·3DS。该偏凸山羊草与前人报道的偏凸山羊草、普通小麦的D组染色体的FISH核型较为一致,但它们的N组染色体差别较大。本试验与前人所报道偏凸山羊草染色体的FISH核型及易位染色体存在差异,因此该材料可能是一种偏凸山羊草新种质。本研究结果将为培育含有偏凸山羊草染色体或其片段的小麦新种质及拓宽小麦遗传背景提供参考。

The chromosome ka ryotype of Aegilops ventricosa was analyzed to understand its composition and characteristics by genomic in situ hybridization(GISH)and fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH)in the present study.It would lay the cytological foundation for wheat genetics and breeding.The results showed the chromosomes of the D and N genomes were clearly distinguished,and two pairs of translocation chromosomes between the D and N genomes were found by the GISH analysis.Oligo-pAs1-2 red signals were strong and abundant,and most of them were distributed at the telomeres.Oligo-pSc119.2-1 green signals on the N-genome chromosomes were more than those on the D genome.The(GAA)7 red signals were strong and abundant,and distributed mainly at the centromeres.The(GAA)7 signals on the N-genome chromosomes were significantly stronger than those on the D genome,which showed large area signals.Its FISH karyotype indicated that the translocated chromosomes were T5NL·3DL and T5NS·3DS,respectively.The FISH karyotype of the D-genome chromosomes was similar to that of the previous reports of the genome D in A.ventricosa and Triticum aestivum,but that of their N-genome chromosomes was quite different.The FISH karyotype and translocation chromosomes were different between this study and previous reports.Therefore,this material may be new Aegilops ventricosa germplasm.The results would provide the reference for the breeding of wheat new germplasm with A.ventricosa chromosome or fragment,and broadening wheat genetic background.