首都水源涵养区水环境因子空间变化特征研究——以清水河和白河流域为例

Study on the spatial variation characteristics of water environment factors in the capital water conservation areas:A Case Study in the Qingshui River and the Bai River basins

永定河流域的清水河和潮白河流域的白河,对于张家口打造首都水源涵养功能区和生态环境支撑区具有关键作用。为了全面了解清水河流域和白河流域当前的水质现状,通过对清水河流域和白河流域进行实地采样,以水温、溶解氧、电导率、总氮、总磷为流域水环境因子的主要评价指标,利用综合污染指数法,对清水河流域和白河流域进行了水质评价。结果表明:(1)清水河流域的4个子区域和白河流域的4个子区域的综合污染指数的平均值都在2以上,属于重度污染,各个水质指标的总体平均值已经超出了标准的1倍多,有些甚至超出了几倍,对水体的生态环境造成了严重的破坏;(2)根据《地表水环境质量标准》(GB3838-2002),清水河流域和白河流域溶解氧含量均大于5 mg/L,达到国家Ⅲ类水标准;总氮(TN)在清水河流域和白河流域含量均大于2 mg/L,达到国家Ⅴ类水标准的5倍以上;总磷(TP)在清水河流域和白河流域含量均小于0.1 mg/L,达到国家Ⅱ类水标准。

The Qingshui River in the Yongding River basin and the Bai River in the Chaobai River basin play a key role in building the capital water source conservation function area and ecological environment support area of Zhangjiakou.In order to understand the current situation of water quality in the Qingshui River basin and the Bai River basin,through field sampling in the Qingshui River basin and the Bai River basin,analyze the problems in the water environment of the watershed,with water temperature,dissolving oxygen,electrical conductivity,total nitrogen and total phosphorus as the main evaluation indexes of water environment factors in the river basin,use the comprehensive pollution index method to evaluate the water quality of the Qingshui River basin and the Bai basin.The results show that:(1)The average value of the comprehensive pollution index p in the 4 areas of the Qingshui River basin and the Bai River basin was more than 2,the overall average value of each water body index has exceeded the standard by more than one time,and some indexes may exceed the standard by several times,and the water body fuction has been severly harmed.(2)According to the Environment Quality Standard for Surface Water(GB3838-2002),the dissolved oxygen content of the Qingshui River basin and the Bai River basin were more than 5 mg/L,which reached the national Class III water standard.Total nitrogen(TN)content of the Qingshui River basin and the Bai River basin were more than 2 mg/L,which reached more than 5 times of the national Class V water standard.The phosphorus(TP)content in the Qingshui River basin and the Bai River basin were less than 0.1 mg/L,which reached the national Class II water standard.