1247例中枢神经系统感染性疾病的流行病学及临床特征分析

Analysis of epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 1247 cases of infectious diseases of the central nervous system

目的总结单中心中枢神经系统(CNS)感染性疾病的流行病学及临床特征。方法回顾性分析2001-2020年解放军总医院第一医学中心诊治的1247例CNS感染性疾病患者的病原体、性别、发病年龄与时间、受教育程度、职业分布等流行病学特点,以及临床表现、住院天数、住院费用、宏基因组学测序的阳性率和预后等临床特征。结果1247例CNS感染性疾病患者的病原体依次为病毒743(59.6%)、结核分枝杆菌249(20.0%)、其他细菌150(12.0%)、真菌68(5.5%)、寄生虫18(1.4%)、梅毒螺旋体18(1.4%)和立克次体1(0.1%);2011-2020年的病例数较2001-2010年增加177例(33.1%,P<0.05);病原体的季节分布差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);男女比例为1.87︰1,多在60岁以下发病;病毒以学生人群易感,尤以大学(大专)及以上学历者较多;结核分枝杆菌和其他细菌感染以农民偏多,梅毒螺旋体感染多见于工人;临床表现以发热、头痛及脑膜刺激征多见,脑神经受累以展神经居多;宏基因组学第二代测序明显提高了临床诊断的精准性;患者中位住院天数为18.00(11.00,27.00)d,中位住院费用2.95(1.60,5.92)万元;疾病病死率1.6%。结论CNS感染性疾病发病率近年有升高趋势,临床表现复杂、症状重、预后差。早期精准诊断及临床规范治疗有利于降低病死率,减轻疾病负担。

Objective To summarize the epidemiological and clinical features of infectious diseases of the central nervous system(CNS)by a single-center analysis.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the data of 1247 cases of CNS infectious diseases diagnosed and treated in the First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital from 2001 to 2020.Results The data for this group of CNS infectious diseases by disease type in descending order of number of cases were viruses 743(59.6%),Mycobacterium tuberculosis 249(20.0%),other bacteria 150(12.0%),fungi 68(5.5%),parasites 18(1.4%),Treponema pallidum 18(1.4%)and rickettsia 1(0.1%).The number of cases increased by 177 cases(33.1%)in the latter 10 years compared to the previous 10 years(P<0.05).No significant difference in seasonal distribution pattern of data between disease types(P>0.05).Male to female ratio is 1.87︰1,mostly under 60 years of age.Viruses are more likely to infect students,most often at university/college level and above,farmers are overrepresented among bacteria and Mycobacterium tuberculosis,and more infections of Treponema pallidum in workers.CNS infectious diseases are characterized by fever,headache and signs of meningeal irritation,with the adductor nerve being the more commonly involved cranial nerve.Matagenomic next-generation sequencing improves clinical diagnostic capabilities.The median hospital days for CNS infectious diseases are 18.00(11.00,27.00)and median hospital costs are¥29,500(¥16,000,¥59,200).The mortality rate from CNS infectious diseases is 1.6%.Conclusions The incidence of CNS infectious diseases is increasing last ten years,with complex clinical presentation,severe symptoms and poor prognosis.Early and accurate diagnosis and standardized clinical treatment can significantly reduce the morbidity and mortality rate and ease the burden of disease.