江西省52个春玉米品种对玉米蚜和亚洲玉米螟的抗性鉴定

Resistance identification of 52 spring maize varieties to Rhopalosiphum maidis and Ostrinia furnacalis in Jiangxi Province

【目的】虫害是影响玉米产量与品质的重要因素之一,评估不同玉米品种对主要害虫的抗性水平,对选用抗虫品种具有重要指导意义。【方法】首先通过种群动态调查确定江西省春玉米主要害虫种类,随后通过蚜量比值和茎秆蛀孔数筛选江西省52个推广春玉米品种中的玉米抗虫品种,最后通过果穗产量和危害率调查得到适合江西省种植的玉米抗虫品种。【结果】调查发现劳氏黏虫(Mythimna loreyi)、亚洲玉米螟(Ostrinia furnacalis)、棉铃虫(Helicoverpa armigera)、草地贪夜蛾(Spodoptera frugiperda)、玉米蚜(Rhopalosiphum maidis)为江西省南昌市春玉米主要害虫,其中玉米蚜和亚洲玉米螟种群数量相对较大。通过蚜量比值得出52个推广品种中有高抗蚜虫品种17个,抗蚜品种5个,中抗品种5个,敏感品种6个,高感品种17个;通过茎秆蛀孔数得出有高抗亚洲玉米螟品种12个,抗亚洲玉米螟品种有14个,中抗品种12个,敏感品种5个,高感品种9个。部分推广玉米品种抗蚜性较差时,其抗螟性则较强,而当抗螟性较差时,则其抗蚜性抗蚜性较强,但京科968、双甜726、万鲜甜6188既高抗蚜虫又高抗亚洲玉米螟;52个推广玉米品种10株产量为0.90~4.24 kg,产量最高的5个品种分别为万鲜甜6188、百沐达、维甜999、美玉爽甜糯502、京科968,推广玉米品种中大部分果穗为害率较高,除尚满帝、桂甜糯108、泰坦、百沐达、桂糯530,其余品种果穗为害率都在50%以上。【结论】江西省52个推广的玉米品种对害虫具有不同程度抗性,其在自然感虫状态下的产量也差异较大,结合抗虫性和产量指标得出万鲜甜6188和京科968既具有较强的抗蚜性、抗螟性,同时自然感虫状态下产量较高,推荐江西省春玉米种植万鲜甜6188和京科968。筛选得到的抗性品系也可为玉米抗虫品种的选育和推广提供了候选材料和理论依据。

[Objective]Pests are one of the important factors affecting the yield and quality of maize.Evaluating the resistance level of different maize varieties to major pests has important guiding significance for the selection of insect-resistant varieties.[Method]In this study,we first observed the population dynamics of different pests for spring maize in Jiangxi Province,and identified the resistance to Ostrinia furnacalis and Rhopalosiphum maidis of 52 maize varieties via aphid quantity ratio method and stem hole number comparasions.Finally,insect-resistant maize varieties suitable for planting in the province were obtained through the investigation of maize yield and ear damage rate.[Result]we found that Mythimna loreyi,O.furnacalis,Mythimna loreyi,Spodoptera frugiperda,and R.maidis were the main pests of spring maize in Nanchang City,Jiangxi Province.Among them,the populations of corn aphid and Asian corn borer are relatively large.According to the ratio of aphid number,there were 17 high aphid-resistant varieties,5 aphid-resistant varieties,5 medium aphid-resistant varieties,6 susceptible varieties and 17 high susceptible varieties in 52 popularized varieties..According to the number of holes in the stem,there were 12 varieties with high resistance to Asian corn borer,14 varieties with resistance to Asian corn borer,12 varieties with moderate resistance,5 varieties with sensitivity and 9 varieties with high sensitivity.While the aphid resistance of some popularized maize varieties was poor,their resistance to borers was strong,while the resistance to borers was poor,their resistance to aphids was strong.However,there were three varieties(Jingke968,Shuangtian726,and Wanxiantian6188)showed highly resistance to both R.maidis and O.furnacalis.The yield of 52 varieties for 10 plants fluctuated from 0.90 kg to 4.24 kg.Wanxiantian6188,Daimuda,Weitian999,Meiyushuangtiannuo502,Jingke968 had a higher yield than other varieties.Most of the maize varieties had more than 50%of ear damage rate,except Shangmandi,Guitiannuo 108,Taitan,Baimuda and Guinuo 530.[Conclusion]The 52 maize varieties popularized in Jiangxi Province have different degrees of resistance to pests,and their yields under natural infection are also quite different.We found that Wanxiantian 6188 and Jingke 968 had strong resistance to aphid and O.furnacalis and higher yield in the natural insect-sensitive state.Therefore,it was recommended to plant Wanxiantian 6188 and Jingke 968 for spring maize in Jiangxi Province.These resistant varieties screened in this study provided materials and theoretical basis for breeding and popularizing maize insect-resistant varieties.