竹笋重金属污染与膳食风险评估及有效阻控研究

Heavy metal(loid)s in bamboo shoots:A review of health risk assessment and control strategies

重金属污染是全球公认的环境问题,重金属胁迫下农产品安全成为近些年的研究热点。竹笋作为一种健康食品,在世界范围内广受欢迎。此前,已经发表了许多关于竹笋重金属污染方面的论文,重金属污染已对竹笋安全构成威胁。该文主要综述了竹笋的重金属污染特征、膳食健康风险及阻控方法。结果表明,竹笋主要受Pb污染,毛竹冬笋重金属超标比其他竹笋严重,笋皮和笋根中富集系数较大,基于总量通过非致癌目标风险系数(target hazard quotient,THQ)评价重金属的健康风险,表明儿童的健康风险会比成人的高,但基于此评价尚存在不足,需进行下一步的生物可给性和建立细胞模型等进行健康风险的综合评估。在控制竹笋重金属污染上,可考虑土壤的理化性质,Ca肥、富Se肥或纳米材料可在未来加以应用,以期为竹笋安全生产提供参考。

Heavy metal(liod)s pollution is a global environmental problem,and the safety of agricultural products under heavy metal(liod)s stress has become a research hotspot in recent years.Bamboo shoots are popular worldwide as a healthy food.Previously,many studies have been published on heavy metal(liod)s contamination in bamboo shoots,which has posed a threat to their safety.This review mainly summarized the characteristics of heavy metal(liod)s contamination in bamboo shoots,their dietary health risks,and control strategies.Results showed that bamboo shoots were mainly contaminated with Pb,the exceedance in moso bamboo asparagus was more serious than that in other species of bamboo shoots,and the enrichment coefficients in the shoot skin and root were larger.The target hazard quotient(THQ)showed that the health risk of children was higher than that of adults.However,the health risk assessment based on the total concentration of heavy metal(liod)s may overestimate the risks since not all metalloids could be absorbed by humans,bioaccessibility and the establishment of cellular models were needed for the comprehensive and accurate health risk.To control contamination in bamboo shoots,the physicochemical properties of the soil should be considered and the appropriate barrier fertilizers,nanomaterials,and Ca fertilizer or Se-rich fertilizer can be applied in the future.Collectively,the results could provide a reference for the safe production of bamboo shoots.