2005-2020年青海省建筑碳排放演化特征及减排策略

Evolution Characteristics and Emission Reduction Strategies of Building Carbon Emissions in Qinghai Province from 2005 to 2020

建筑业作为国民经济的支柱产业之一,存在碳排放大和能耗高等问题,研究其碳排放特征、影响因素与减排策略对于实现“双碳”目标具有重大意义。文章构建建筑业能耗生命周期核算模型,测算青海省建筑业生产、施工、运营阶段能源消耗和碳排放量,分析其全生命周期特征,运用LMDI方法识别碳排放影响因素,并提出应对策略。研究结果表明:(1)2005-2020年青海省建筑领域碳排放呈持续增长态势,2020年建筑碳排放总量为2240.84万t,约占当年全省碳排放量的一半。(2)从建筑业生命周期来看,建材生产阶段和运营阶段是碳排放产生的主要阶段,占比超过90%;钢材和水泥生产碳排放量是建材生产阶段中碳排放量主要构成部分,占比在70%以上。(3)从建筑类型上来看,在建材生产阶段和建筑施工阶段,住宅碳排放量普遍高于非住宅;在建筑运营阶段,住宅建筑在2018年后碳排放量小于非住宅建筑。(4)建筑业能源消费碳强度效应、经济结构效应、总产出规模效应产生正向影响,能源强度效应产生负向影响。建议调整建材利用结构,减少高能耗建材使用比例,回收利用废旧建材;开发利用清洁能源、进一步优化能源结构、提升能源利用效率等措施,以实现青海省建筑业的绿色发展。

As one of the pillar industries of the national economy,the construction industry faces problems of carbon emissions amplification and high energy consumption.Studying its carbon emission characteristics,influencing factors and emission reduction strategies is of great significance for achieving the“dual carbon”goals.This article constructs an energy consumption lifecycle accounting model for the construction industry,calculates the energy consumption and carbon emissions during the production,construction,and operation stages of the construction industry in Qinghai Province,analyzes its full lifecycle characteristics,uses the LMDI method to identify the factors affecting carbon emissions and propose responsible strategies.The research results show that:(1)From 2005 to 2020,the carbon emissions of the construction industry in Qinghai Province showed a continuous growth trend,with a total carbon emissions of 22.4084 million tons in 2020,accounting for about half of the province’s carbon emissions that year.(2)From the perspective of the lifecycle of the construction industry,the production and operation stages of building materials are the main stages of carbon emissions,accounting for over 90%;The carbon emissions from steel and cement production are the main components of carbon emissions in the production stage of building materials,accounting for over 70%.(3)From the perspective of building types,residential carbon emissions are generally higher than non residential ones during the production and construction stages of building materials;In the construction operation phase,residential buildings have lower carbon emissions than non residential buildings after 2018.(4)The carbon intensity effect,economic structure effect,and total output scale effect of energy consumption in the construction industry have a positive impact,while the energy intensity effect has a negative impact.Suggest adjusting the utilization structure of building materials,reducing the proportion of high energy consuming building materials,and recycling waste building materials;Measures such as developing and utilizing clean energy,further optimizing energy structure,and improving energy utilization efficiency are taken to achieve green development of the construction industry in Qinghai Province.