从第三持存到数字持存——数字技术背景下对斯蒂格勒技术现象学的新解读

From Tertiary Retention to Digital Retention—A New Interpretation of Stiegler’s Phenomenology of Technology in the Context of Digital Technology

当海德格尔用时间观照此在时,斯蒂格勒走向了用时间观照技术的理论构境,通过强调技术作为人之本质的第二起源,以此说明技术与人在时间当中的本体论关系,这就是技术现象学。藉由技术现象学的三级结构,斯蒂格勒揭示了人性结构在本体论意义上的代具性特征,以及记忆结构在技术层面的持留特征,并由此说明了此在如何存在的时间性与历史性原则。但由于第三记忆的外在化与客观化特征,记忆在实现从原初性感知向时间性持存转变的同时,也呈现出主观感知能力与客观记忆体系之间的矛盾关系,并且这种矛盾一直延续至第三持存向数字持存的演变过程之中。前者作为意识的代具曾发挥着补足认知结构的作用,而后者则成为了代具性的意识,在掏空内在知性结构的同时重塑出一个外在化的意识主体。因此,在斯蒂格勒技术现象学的理论视域中思考数字持存的核心议题在于,如何寻找从数字持存向“数字药物”转变的可能性契机。

When Heidegger employs time to observe Dasein(being-there),Stiegler moves towards the theoretical framework of employing time to observe technology.By emphasizing technology as the second origin of human nature,he explains the ontological relationship between technology and human beings in time—this is just what technological phenomenology studies.Through the three-level structure of technological phenomenology,Stiegler reveals the representational characteristics of human nature structure in the ontological sense,as well as the persistence characteristics of memory structure at the technical level,and thus explains the principles of temporality and historicity of how Dasein exists.However,due to the externalization and objectification of the third memory,memory,while achieving a transition from primary perception to temporal retention,also presents a contradictory relationship between subjective perceptual ability and objective memory system.And this contradiction runs throughout the evolution from tertiary retention to digital persistence.The former,as a representative of consciousness,once played a role in supplementing cognitive structures,while the latter became a representative consciousness,reshaping an externalized consciousness subject while emptying the internal intellectual structure.Therefore,in the theoretical perspective of Stiegler’s phenomenology of technology,the core issue of thinking about digital preservation is how to find possible opportunities for the transition from digital preservation to“digital medicine”.