近现代历史建筑外墙装饰水刷石研究——以上海张园石库门建筑群为例

Exterior Wall Granite Plaster in Modern Historic Buildings:Exemplified by the Shikumen Houses of Zhangyuan,Shanghai

水刷石作为19世纪发展起来的新型建筑外墙装饰,在众多历史建筑中均有应用。文章以上海张园石库门建筑群为研究对象,从多学科的角度出发,研究水刷石的材料与制作工艺,调查水刷石在建筑群中的使用位置及分布范围,并通过光学显微镜、岩相分析、X射线衍射分析等对水刷石的层位关系、石子大小及种类、胶结物和石子比例等进行分析,所得结论与历史建筑设计图纸和近代文献资料记载相符,可为水刷石的保护修缮提供科学依据。

Granite plaster,an exterior wall finish developed in the 19th century,has been widely utilised in numerous historic buildings.This article delves into the shikumen houses of Zhangyuan in Shanghai,and examines the materials and craftsmanship of their granite plaster through a multi-disciplinary approach.It first investigates the positioning and distribution of granite plaster within the buildings.Employing various methods such as optical microscope,petrographic analysis,and X-ray diffraction analysis,the article then analyses the layers of exterior wall finish,sizes and kinds of aggregates,as well as the ratios of binding materials to aggregates in the plaster.Finally,the findings are supported by architectural drawings and records from the early 20th century,which can serve as a scientific reference for the conservation and restoration of granite plaster in historic buildings.