能性述补结构“V得/不了”的对称与不对称分析

On Symmetric and Asymmetric Analysis of the Potential Verb-complement Construction“V de/bu liao(得/不了)”

能性述补结构“V得/不了”情态类别较对称,均可表动力情态、认识情态和估价。“V不了”使用频次明显高于“V得了”,前者多用于陈述句,后者多用于反问、否定和对举。“V不了”用法成熟(明代)早于“V得了”(清代)。“V得了”多用于疑问句,“V不了”则多于广义因果句、条件句和非是非回应句中。“V得/不了”的语义宽度大于“V得/不C”,“V不了”尤其如此。“V得/不了”使用频次高,与“V得/不C”语义指向互补。

The paper argues that“V de/bu liao(得/不了)”is symmetrical,which is a potential complementary construction,and can be used to express dynamical mood,cognitive mood and valuation.The frequency of“V bu liao(不了)”is significantly higher than that of“V de liao(得了)”.“V bu liao(不了)”is mostly used in declarative sentences,while the other is mostly used in rhetorical questions,negative sentences and contrastive structures.The usage of“V bu liao(不了)”was more mature(the Ming Dynasty)than“V de liao(得了)”(the Qing Dynasty).“V de liao(得了)”is mostly used in interrogative sentences,while“V bu liao(不了)”is mostly used in general causal,conditional and non-responsive sentences.The semantic width of“V de/bu liao(得/不了)”is greater than that of“V de/bu C(V得/不C)”,especially“V bu liao(不了)”.“V de/bu liao(得/不了)”is used more frequently and has a complementary semantic orientation to“V de/bu C(V得/不C)”.