土地流转如何影响城乡收入差距——基于2005—2021年省级面板数据的实证检验

How Land Transfer Affects the Income Gap between Urban and Rural Areas——Empirical test based on provincial panel data from 2005 to 2021

土地流转抑或城乡收入差距都是促进城乡融合发展、实现乡村振兴亟须解决的关键问题。本文基于2005—2021年31个省级的宏观数据,采用中介效应模型实证分析了土地流转对城乡收入差距的影响。结果显示:(1)土地流转有助于缩小城乡收入差距,土地流转每增加1%,城乡收入差距将缩小7.67%。在替换被解释变量、调整样本数据、重新设定模型后,研究结论依然稳健;(2)土地流转通过提高农业机械化和人均土地产出,间接缩小城乡收入差距;(3)土地流转对城乡收入差距的影响具有显著的异质性,主要通过影响工资性和财产性收入差距,实现缩小城乡收入差距的目的。根据研究结论提出构建权利开放的农村土地流转市场,提高农业机械化水平和土地产出的经济附加值,在土地产权细分中保障农户工资性和财产性收入的增长等政策建议。

The transfer of land or the income gap between urban and rural areas are key issues that urgently need to be addressed to promote urban-rural integration and achieve rural revitalization.Based on the macro data of 31 provinces from 2005 to 2021,this paper uses the mesomeric effect model to empirically analyze the impact of land transfer on the urban-rural income gap.The results show that:(1)Land transfer helps to narrow the urban-rural income gap.For every 1%increase in land transfer,the urban-rural income gap will decrease by 7.67%.After replacing the dependent variable,adjusting the sample data,and resetting the model,the research conclusion remains robust.(2)Land transfer indirectly narrows the urban-rural income gap by increasing agricultural mechanization and per capita land output.(3)The impact of land transfer on the urban-rural income gap has significant heterogeneity,mainly through affecting the wage income gap,achieving the goal of narrowing the urban-rural income gap.Based on the research findings,policy recommendations are proposed to build an open rural land transfer market,improve the level of agricultural mechanization and the economic added value of land output,and ensure the growth of farmers'wage and property income in the subdivision of land property rights.