数据产权结构性分置的运行逻辑与实践机制——以统筹数据保护和利用为目标

The Operational Logic and Practical Mechanism of Structurally Separated Data Property Rights:Aiming at Coordinating Data Protection and Utilization

基于我国数据保护和利用不足的现实问题、产权制度对资源利用的正反两面影响,以及数据相关政策导向,我国应将统筹数据保护和利用作为数据产权制度的目标。“数据二十条”提出的数据产权结构性分置制度,通过数据权利束分割实现“权能分离”,基于数据产业链、供应链运行需求,对“三权”进行模块化整合和结构性分置,正是遵循了平衡数据保护和利用的运行逻辑。为进一步推动数据“三权”分置有效运行,首先,须基于数据分类分级管理的理念和原则,建立动态赋权与限权结合的确权机制,以及严格授权与附条件默认授权结合的授权机制;其次,在分别完善场内和场外数据流通交易规范的基础上,还需推动场内外数据交易规范及标准的互联、互验、互认;最后,建立分类分级数据信息安全机制,构建多法协同的数据财产安全法律体系。

Addressing the Reality of Insufficient Data Protection and Utilization in China,the Dual Impact of Property Rights Systems on Resource Utilization,and Data-related Policy Guidance,China should prioritize the coordination of data protection and utilization as a goal within its data property rights system.The structural separation system of data property rights proposed by the"Twenty Articles on Data"advocates the division of data rights to achieve"functional seperation of powers".This system,which modularizes and structurally separates the"three rights"based on the operational needs of the data industry and supply chain,follows the logical framework of balancing data protection and utilization.To further facilitate the effective operation of the separated"three rights",it is necessary,first,to establish a rights confirmation mechanism that combines dynamic empowerment and restriction based on the principles of data classification and hierarchical management.This involves a strict authorization mechanism combined with a conditional default authorization mechanism.Second,in addition to refining the norms for on-site and off-site data circulation transactions,it is crucial to promote the interconnection,verification,and mutual recognition of norms and standards for both on-site and off-site data transactions.Finally,there is a need to establish a classified and hierarchical data information security mechanism and construct a multi-law collaborative legal framework for data property security.