商业数据反不正当竞争法调整的方法论检视

Methodological Reflections on the Adjustment of the Anti-unfair Competition Law on Commercial Data

商业数据反不正当竞争法调整的“赋权立法保护”范式呈现出方法论上的“结构性”错位。在方法观层面,反不正当竞争法的制度逻辑、商业数据的自身品格及其运行机理决定商业数据反不正当竞争法调整应秉持“谦抑”方法观,而“赋权立法保护”范式明显悖离“谦抑”方法观内含的前置限制和基本限制要求;在技术工具层面,赋权立法保护范式援引的“劳动自然权利理论”“功利主义理论”和“盗用原则理论”本身亦难以实现逻辑自洽。“谦抑”方法观要求商业数据反不正当竞争法调整应回归一般条款的法解释学适用范式,并形塑以下一般性分析框架:宏观上选择与坚守利益衡量标准,微观上构造“利益位阶方法+比例原则”的二元工具谱系。

The model of"empowering legislative protection"adjusted by the anti-unfair competition law on commercial data exhibites a"structural"mislinement in methodology.At the methodological level,the institutional logic of the anti-unfair competition law,the character of commercial data and its operation mechanism determine that the adjustment of the anti-unfair competition law on commercial data should adhere to a"restrained"methodology.However,the model of"empowering legislative protection"is obviously contrary to the requirements of the prior and basic limitations inherent in the"restrained"methodology.At the technical level,the"Empowerment Legislation Protection"paradigm,relying on the"Labour Natural Right Theory","Utilitarian Theory",and"Misappropriation Doctrine",is also difficult to achieve logical consistency.The"restrained"methodology requires that the adjustment of the anti-unfair competition law on commercial data should return to the mode of application of the general provisions of the legal interpretation,and shape the following general analytical framework:selecting and adhering to the standard of measurement of interests on the macro level,and constructing the binary tool spectrum of the"method of order of interests+principle of proportionality"on themicro level.