敦煌写本《兔园策府》的文学史料价值

The Literary Historical Material Value of Tuyuan Cefu in the Hand-copied Version Collected in Dunwang

《兔园策府》久告散佚,幸有敦煌写本数卷,能使人复睹其样貌。该书与《初学记》一样,属于文学启蒙“类书”。它既为科举“对策”而设,对各种骈文创作亦多有裨益。杜嗣先《兔园策府序》撰成于陈子昂出生之前,它明确反对六朝浮靡文风,倡导“削谀论以正辞,剪浮言而体要”的撰述理念,可谓唐文变革之先声。从武后到玄宗朝,“文变”过程及内在动因虽然复杂,但制诏表启等应用之文渐能超越齐梁旧格,呈现出博雅务实的新风貌,却是不争的事实;对此,《兔园策府》或亦发挥过积极作用。写本残卷部分展示了《兔园策府》十卷本及三十卷本的文本异同,其“对策”骈语和“引经史为训注”紧密结合,充分体现着经史之学以“类书”为中介积极作用于文学创作的内在逻辑。

The literary work Tuyuan Cefu(兔园策府)had long been lost,but fortunately,there were several volumes of its hand-copied version collected in Dunhuang(敦煌)that allowed us to glimpse its appearance once again.Similar to Chuxue Ji(初学记),this book belongs to the genre of literary enlightenment or"classical books",Originally designed for the imperial examination system's"practice essays",it also proved beneficial for various parallel prose compositions.Du Sixian's Preface to Tuyuan Cefu was written before the birth of Chen Zi-ang,explicitly opposing the extravagant literary style of the Six Dynasties,advocating a writing philosophy that countered frivolous words and adhered to essential expressions.It can be considered a precursor to the literary transformation of the Tang Dynasty.From the Wu Zetian era to the Xuanzong era,although the process and internal factors of the literary transformation were complex,imperial decrees and proclamations gradually surpassed the old styles of the Qi and Liang dynasties,presenting a new and elegant demeanor with practicalityan undeniable fact.In this context,Tuyuan Cefu may have played a positive role.The surviving portions of the hand-copied version illustrated the similarities and differences between the tenvolume and thirty-volume versions of Tuyuan Cefu.The close integration of"practice essays"and"citing historical classics as interpretation notes"reflected the internal logic of using classical learning as an intermediary to actively influence literaryproduction.