违约方行使合同解除权的规范意蕴与法律释明——以我国《民法典》第580条为例

Normative implication and legal interpretation of the defaulting party's right to rescind a contract—Focusing on Article580of the Civil Code

我国《民法典》第580条关于当事人范围及违约方合同解除条件的规定争议较大,存在司法适用困境。基于比较法的视野,明确履行费用过高的判定标准及合理期限的设置,确定当事人主体范围,实现《民法典》第563条与第580条的联动解释,为违约方行使司法解除权提供理论证成。同时,在违约方未提出合同解除请求的情形下,明确法官在民事诉讼程序上的释明义务与法律问题指出义务,从而破解合同僵局。

The interpretation of Article 580 of the Civil Code regarding the scope of the parties and the conditions for contract termination by the defaulting party is highly controversial and presents a dilemma for judicial application.Based on the perspective of comparative law,this paper clarifies the criteria for determining the excessive cost of performance and the setting of a reasonable period of time,determines the scope of the parties,and realizes the linkage of the interpretation of the parties in Article 563 and Article 580 of the Civil Code,which provides the theoretical proof for the exercise of defaulting party's right to rescind a contract.At the same time,this study clarifies the judge's obligation to explain and point out legal issues in civil proceedings in the absence of a request for contractual termination by the defaulting party,thus breaking the contractual deadlock.