OECD推动高等教育国际化的路向探赜

OECD’s Policy Orientation and Focus on Promoting Internationalization of Higher Educationfrom Perspective of Cultural Globalization

伴随着经济全球化所带来的文化全球化理念已经成为世界各国的共识,高等教育作为文化全球化的重要推动力量,成为各国共同关注的焦点议题。阿帕杜莱的文化全球化理论为通过机构和学生流动实现高等教育国际化奠定了良好的解释路径。OECD作为三大政府间的重要国际性组织,在推动高等教育国际化的进程中发挥了积极推动作用。OECD通过设立专职研究机构,采用了四种不同但并非相互排斥的高等教育国际化的政策取向,以促进和推动高等教育国际化的发展。同时,OECD高等教育国际化的政策重心体现在了关注高等教育入学机会的公平、追求高等教育质量保障的品质、强调高等教育对经济的促进作用等三个方面。为促进高等教育国际化的良性发展,需要厘清OECD与高等教育国际化的内部关系,转变留学生的输入输出比例;关注OECD政策取向,实现不依赖人员流动的教育资源国际化配置;结合OECD政策重心,通过区域性一体化推动高等教育国际化进程。

Along with the globalization of economy,the concept of cultural globalization has become a consensus among countries worldwide.As an important driving force of cultural globalization,higher education has become a focal issue of common concern for countries.Appadurai’s theory of cultural globalization provides a sound explanatory path for achieving internationalization in higher education through institutional and student mobility.As one of the three major international organizations among governments,OECD has played a positive role in promoting the internationalization of higher education.Through the establishment of specialized research institutions,OECD has adopted four different but not mutually exclusive policy orientations for the internationalization of higher education:mutual understanding approach,capacity building approach,skill migration approach and revenue-generating approach to promote and advance the development of the internationalization of higher education.At the same time,the policy focus of OECD’s internationalization of higher education is reflected in three aspects:attention to the fairness of access to higher education,pursuit of quality assurance for higher education,and emphasis on the promotion of higher education to the economy.