厌氧氨氧化生物脱氮技术研究现状及应用展望

Research Status and Application Prospect of Anaerobic Ammonia Oxidation Biological Nitrogen Removal Technology

本文综述了厌氧氨氧化生物脱氮的技术原理和特点,分析了两段式工艺和一体化工艺的优缺点,并重点介绍了厌氧氨氧化技术的影响因素和工程应用现状。该技术具有节省62.5%的曝气电耗,节省100%的有机碳源,实现能源及资源的回收及利用,有效减少污泥处置费用和实现温室气体减排90%以上等优势。该技术的影响因素包括厌氧氨氧化菌、溶解氧、温度、pH值、氮和碳氮比。该技术在污水处理领域的工程应用是近十年的研究热点之一,主要形式包括一体化工艺和两段式工艺。一体化的优点为容易操作,启动时间迅速,亚硝酸盐浓度可控,适应低C/N高氨氮废水,氨氮转化率高(可达到90%)。集成工艺是一种基于两段式工艺的新型工艺,它在处理工艺中得到了更多的应用,操作简单,与现有废水处理工艺耦合度高。因此,该工艺将具有广阔的发展前途。相对于传统的脱氮方法,本方法在工业废水、城市污水、水产养殖废水等方面有着巨大的应用前景。

This paper summarizes the technical principle and characteristics of anaerobic ammonia oxidation biological nitrogen removal,analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of two-stage process and integrated process,and focuses on the influencing factors and engineering application status of anaerobic ammonia oxidation technology.Anaerobic Ammoxidation process has the advantages of saving 62.5%of aeration power consumption,saving 100%of organic carbon source,realizing the recovery and utilization of energy and resources,effectively reducing sludge disposal costs and reducing greenhouse gas emissions by more than 90%.The influencing factors of anaerobic Ammoxidation biological nitrogen removal technology mainly include Anammox,dissolved oxygen,temperature,pH value,ammonia nitrogen and carbon nitrogen ratio.The engineering application of anaerobic Ammoxidation technology in the field of sewage treatment is one of the research hotspots in the past decade.The main forms include integrated process and two-stage process.The advantages of integration mainly include the following aspects:general staff can quickly master the operation,and the startup time is fast,the nitrite concentration is controllable,and the wastewater with low C/N and high ammonia nitrogen can be treated,and the ammonia nitrogen conversion rate can reach up to 90%.Integrated process is a new type of process based on two-stage process,which has been widely applied in treatment processes,with simple operation and high coupling with existing wastewater treatment processes.Therefore,this process will have broad development prospects.Compared with the traditional nitrogen removal technology,this process will have great application prospects and development potential in industrial wastewater,municipal wastewater and aquaculture wastewater in the future.