列宁对马赫主义的意识形态批判及其当代价值

Lenin’s Ideological Critique of Machism and Its Contemporary Value

马赫主义在20世纪初的俄国产生了极大的消极影响:一方面作为一种“新哲学”学说,在哲学和自然科学领域造成了极大的思想混乱;另一方面作为一种新的社会思潮,引发了第一次民主革命失败后无产阶级内部的意识形态混乱、革命队伍涣散。为统一革命队伍的思想意志,使无产阶级革命运动重新纳入正常的运行轨道,列宁撰写《唯物主义和经验批判主义》,揭露了马赫主义的哲学与政治实质及其危害,对马赫主义作了哲学和政治意识形态批判,以马克思主义为指导,立足俄国革命实际,重构了科学的哲学和政治意识形态体系,清除了反动意识形态对革命者的侵害,统一了布尔什维克全党的意志,为新的革命高潮的到来和无产阶级十月革命的胜利积蓄了力量。列宁对马赫主义的批判,对当前中国认识意识形态领域内的复杂问题具有重要启示:必须绷紧政治意识形态这根弦,坚持马克思主义的指导地位,才能科学辨别各类错误意识形态,消除各种错误意识形态的干扰。

Machism had a great negative impact in Russia in the early 20th century.On the one hand,as a“new philosophy”,it caused great confusion in the fields of philosophy and natural sciences.On the other hand,as a new social trend,it led to ideological confusion and disunity within the proletariat after the failure of the first democratic revolution.To unite the thoughts and hopes of the revolutionary ranks and restore the normal operation of the revolutionary movement,Lenin wrote“Materialism and Empirio-Criticism”,revealing the philosophical and political essence of Machism and its harm.He carried out an ideological critique of Machism.Guided by Marxism,and based on the actual situation of the Russian revolution,it reconstructed a scientific philosophical and political ideological system,clearing away the harm of reactionary ideology to revolutionaries,uniting the will of the entire Bolshevik party,and accumulating strength for the coming new revolutionary wave and the victory of the October Revolution.Lenin’s critique of Machism offers important insights for China’s understanding of complex issues in the ideological field today:we must tighten the string of political ideology,adhere to the guiding position of Marxism,and scientifically distinguish between various erroneous ideologies and eliminate the interference of various erroneous ideologies.