“缉捕私盐”与“唐盐接济”:闽台关系视角下台湾地区私盐问题研究

Anti-smuggling of Private Salt and the Relief of Tang Salt:Research on the Private Salt Issue in Taiwan from the Perspective of Fujian-Taiwan Relations

清政府统一台湾后,设置台湾府,建立盐专卖制,此后日益完善这一经济体制。源于产销分离及官办盐务的存在,台湾地区的私盐问题较为突出,既有台湾岛内场私、商私的存在,又因于台湾地区偏于东南一隅,盐产有限,闽盐配销台湾地区,形成“唐盐接济”的局面。为此,福建地方政府采取多项措施改革盐政弊端,抑制私盐侵销。通过在制度层面进行建构,政府全面控制产销;在实践层面进行操作,着重缉捕私盐,力图实现既绝私煎、私贩之弊,复无忽低、忽昂之患。在实际执行过程中,政府处处设置障碍防止私盐偷漏和控制“唐盐接济”,不过面对庞大的食盐缺口,私盐弊病伴随政局的衰颓而日益深重。

After the Qing government unified Taiwan and established the Taiwan Prefecture,it implemented a monopoly system for salt sales,gradually perfecting this economic system.Due to the separation of production and sales and the existence of official salt management,the issue of private salt in Taiwan became prominent.There were both local and commercial private salt activities on the island,and because of its location in the southeast with limited salt production,salt from Fujian was distributed to Taiwan,resulting in a situation known as"Tang salt relief."In response,the local Fujian government took multiple measures to reform the salt administration and suppress the sale of private salt.Through institutional construction,the government gained comprehensive control over production and distribution,while operationally focusing on cracking down on private salt activities,aiming to eliminate both the problems of private refining and trafficking,as well as the fluctuations in salt prices.In practice,the government set up barriers everywhere to prevent the leakage of private salt and control the"Tang salt relief."However,with a significant salt deficit,the problems associated with private salt worsened as the political situation declined.