兼容决策理论探幽

On Compatible Decision Theory

柯林斯认为,以权威决策理论和民主决策理论为代表的两种传统决策理论存在“合法性”与“延伸性”两大危机,造成了科学理性与民主价值之间“非此即彼”的紧张关系。因此,以柯林斯为代表的STS进路和以基切尔为代表的科学哲学进路分别提出了“经验专长”理论和“良序科学”理论。两种进路的理论基础和建构方式虽然不尽相同,但殊途同归地构建了一种“兼容决策理论”。兼容决策理论在一定程度上弥合了专家意见和外行视角的分歧,却在实践维度上面临着去语境化的困境。进入智能时代,智能技术为兼容决策理论的实践提供了新的方法,有望实现科学理性与民主价值之间的合理张力,但仍需对其可能产生的决策风险予以充分警惕。

Collins points out that two traditional decision-making theories represented by authoritative decision-making theory and democratic decision-making theory have two crises of“legitimacy”and“extensibility”,resulting in an“either-or”tension between scientific rationality and democratic value.Therefore,the STS approach represented by Collins and the philosophy of Science approach represented by Kitcher put forward the theory of“empirical expertise”and the theory of“well-ordered science”respectively.Although the theoretical basis and construction methods of the two approaches are not the same,they build a“compatible decision theory”.Compatibility theory manages the differences between expert opinion and layman perspective to some extent,but it faces the dilemma of de-contextualization in practice dimension.Entering the intelligent era,intelligent technology provides a powerful method for the practice of compatible decision theory,and is expected to realize the reasonable tension between scientific rationality and democratic value,but it still needs to be fully vigilant to the decision risk it may produce.