25G+与27G+玻璃体切割术治疗特发性视网膜前膜疗效比较

Comparison of 25G+and 27G+pars plana vitrectomy in the treatment of idiopathic epiretinal membrane

目的比较25G+与27G+玻璃体切割术(PPV)治疗特发性视网膜前膜的临床效果。方法选择2019年12月至2022年8月新乡医学院第三附属医院收治的特发性视网膜前膜患者50例(50眼)为研究对象,根据手术方式不同将患者分为对照组和观察组,每组25例25眼。对照组患者采用25G+PPV治疗,观察组患者采用27G+PPV治疗。比较2组患者玻璃体内手术时间、术后1 d手术切口结膜下出血及水肿范围;分别于术前及术后1 d、1周、1个月、3个月,应用光学相干断层扫描(OCT)检查2组患者的黄斑中心凹厚度(CMT),早期治疗糖尿病视网膜病变研究组(ETDRS)视力表标准检查流程测2组患者的视力,Callon型非接触眼压计测2组患者的眼压;观察2组患者术中黄斑损伤、视网膜裂孔及术后脉络膜脱离、视网膜出血、视网膜脱离、眼内感染等并发症发生情况。结果观察组患者的玻璃体内手术时间显著短于对照组(t=2.314,P<0.05)。观察组结膜下出血及水肿范围显著小于对照组(t=13.706,P<0.01)。对照组和观察组患者术后1 d、1周、1个月和3个月的ETDRS视力显著高于术前(P<0.05)。术后1 d、1周、1个月和3个月,2组患者的ETDRS视力比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后1 d,观察组患者的眼压高于对照组(P<0.05);术后1周、1个月和3个月,对照组与观察组患者的眼压比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。对照组2例患者术后1 d出现一过性低眼压,观察组患者均未出现一过性低眼压。术前,2组患者均有视网膜神经上皮层牵拉伴不同程度视网膜水肿增厚及血管扭曲;术后1 d,2组患者视网膜前膜均解除牵拉,视网膜黄斑区解剖结构较术前有大幅改善。术后1 d、1周、1个月、3个月,2组患者的CMT均显著小于术前(P<0.05);术后1 d、1周、1个月、3个月,2组患者的CMT比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。对照组患者18眼(72.0%)因穿刺口渗漏而缝合巩膜穿刺口,观察组患者均未行穿刺口缝合。2组患者均顺利完成手术,术中未出现黄斑损伤、视网膜裂孔等并发症。随访3个月,2组患者均未发现脉络膜脱离、视网膜出血、视网膜脱离、眼内感染等术后并发症。结论27G+PPV与25G+PPV治疗特发性视网膜前膜均有较好临床效果,且手术安全性高。与25G+PPV相比较,27G+PPV可缩短手术时间,更好地维持术后眼压稳定,缩小结膜下出血及水肿范围。

Objective To compare the clinical efficacy of 25G+and 27G+pars plana vitrectomy(PPV)in the treatment of idiopathic epiretinal membrane(iERM).Methods A total of 50 iERM patients(50 eyes)who were admitted to the Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University from December 2019 to August 2022 were selected as the research subjects.These patients were divided into the control group and observation group based on different surgical methods,with 25 patients(25 eyes)in each group.Patients in the control group received 25G+PPV treatment,while patients in the observation group received 27G+PPV treatment.The surgical duration and postoperative 1-day incision subconjunctival hemorrhage and edema of patients in two groups were compared;central macular thickness(CMT)was measured by optical coherence tomography before surgery,1 day,1 week,1 month,and 3 months postoperatively in the two groups.Visual acuity of patients in both groups was assessed according to the early treatment diabetic retinopathy study(ETDRS)visual acuity chart.Intraocular pressure was measured by using a non-contact Callon tonometer.Complications,such as intraoperative macular injury,retinal hole,postoperative choroidal detachment,retinal hemorrhage,retinal detachment,and intraocular infection,were observed in both groups.Results The surgical duration of patients in the observation group was significantly shorter than that in the control group(t=2.314,P<0.05).The extent of subconjunctival hemorrhage and edema of patients in the observation group was significantly smaller than that in the control group(t=13.706,P<0.01).The ETDRS visual acuity of patients at 1 day,1 week,1 month,and 3 months after surgery in both groups was significantly higher than that before surgery(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in ETDRS visual acuity of patients between the two groups at 1 day,1 week,1 month,and 3 months postoperatively(P>0.05).At 1 day after surgery,the intraocular pressure of patients in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group(P<0.05).At 1 week,1 month,and 3 months after surgery,there was no significant difference in intraocular pressure of patients between the two groups(P>0.05).Two patients in the control group experienced transient ocular hypotension 1 day after surgery,while no such complication was observed in the observation group.Patients in both groups presented with varying degrees of retinal nerve epithelial layer traction,retinal edema,thickening,and vascular distortion before surgery.At 1 day after surgery,epiretinal membrane traction was relieved in both groups,and there was a significant improvement in the anatomical structure of the macular area compared to preoperative conditions.At 1 day,1 week,1 month,and 3 months after surgery,the CMT of patients in both groups was reduced compared to preoperative values(P<0.05);there was no significant difference in CMT of patients between the two groups at 1 day,1 week,1 month,and 3 months after surgery(P>0.05).In the control group,18 eyes(72.0%)were sutured at the scleral puncture sites due to leakage,while no suturing was performed in the observation group.Patients in both groups completed the surgery successfully,without any intraoperative complications such as macular injury or retinal hole.During the 3-month follow-up,no postoperative complications such as choroidal detachment,retinal hemorrhage,retinal detachment,or intraocular infection were observed in both groups.Conclusion Both 27G+PPV and 25G+PPV have good clinical effects and high surgical safety in the treatment of iERM.Compared with 25G+PPV,27G+PPV can shorten the surgical duration,better maintain postoperative intraocular pressure stability,and reduce the range of subconjunctival bleeding and edema.