儿童口呼吸诊断及对牙颌面发育的影响

Recent advances in mouth breathing diagnosis and effects on dento-maxillofacial development in children

上气道阻塞可导致口呼吸,其在儿童中发病率较高。儿童早期是牙颌面的快速发育期,长期口呼吸会造成儿童牙颌面畸形及睡眠呼吸障碍,严重危害儿童健康。口呼吸需要耳鼻咽喉科、口腔科、睡眠专科等共同进行预防和管理。近年来,越来越多的研究关注儿童口呼吸的诊断及对牙颌面发育的影响以及可能的机制,但引起口呼吸的病因、准确的临床诊断和评价、对牙颌面发育的影响机制和结局、与睡眠呼吸障碍的关系以及对手术治疗方式的选择和术后治疗仍然存在争议。本文针对以上问题,对近年的研究进展进行综述,旨在进一步推进此领域的相关研究。

Upper airway obstruction can lead to mouth breathing,which is much prevalent in children.Studies have indicated that in early childhood,prolonged mouth breathing leads to muscular and postural alterations which,in turn,result in dentoskeletal changes,or even worse,dentofacial deformities and sleep-related breathing disorders.A multidisciplinary team,involving otolaryngologists,dental providers,and somnologists,should work to provide early diagnosis and appropriate treatment,preventing the consequent disorders of mouth breathing.More and more studies in recent years have focused on mouth breathing diagnosis and its effects on dento-maxillofacial development as well as its possible mechanisms in children.Nevertheless,the etiology,diagnosis,treatment options,postoperative care,mechanism of mouth breathing impact on dento-maxillofacial development,and its relationship with sleep-disordered breathing remain controversial.This review summarized the latest advances in mouth breathing,demonstrating the current status and advances of research on mouth breathing diagnosis,dento-maxillofacial development,and multidisciplinary collaboration.