大学生生活方式调查及体重指数的影响因素分析

Investigation of college students'lifestyle and analysis of influencing factors of body mass index

目的调查大学生生活方式现状,分析大学生不良生活方式对肥胖的影响,以期提高其对不良生活方式危害性的认知、树立正确的减肥观念,培养健康生活习惯,保障身体健康。方法于2022年7月至9月利用网络平台发布电子问卷,选取西安交通大学的在校大学生,对其身体肥胖程度、饮食习惯、运动情况等相关情况进行调查,并采用多因素Logistic回归分析探究影响大学生体重指数(BMI)的相关因素。结果本研究收回问卷163份,有效问卷156份(95.71%)。受调查的156份问卷中,大学生的平均BMI(23.10±8.10)kg/m^(2),其中肥胖22名(14.10%),超重13名(8.33%),正常87名(55.77%),偏瘦34名(21.79%)。单因素分析结果显示,BMI≥24 kg/m^(2)大学生的饮食不规律、每周摄入高糖高热量食物次数≥3次、每日步数<5000步、每周锻炼次数≤2次、每周累计锻炼时长<2.5 h、未制定和调整运动计划、家庭成员肥胖占比高于BMI<24 kg/m^(2)大学生,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,饮食不规律、每周锻炼次数≤2次、每周累计锻炼时长<2.5 h、未制定和调整运动计划是影响大学生BMI的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论大学生肥胖程度受多种因素影响,合理的膳食结构、规律用餐、适度运动是控制体重的重要措施。改善食堂膳食搭配、提高学生运动积极性,能更好地保障大学生身体素质和健康状况。

Objective To investigate the current situation of college students'lifestyle and analyze the influence of college students'unhealthy lifestyle on obesity,in order to improve their awareness of the harmfulness of unhealthy lifestyle,establish a correct concept of weight loss,cultivate healthy living habits and ensure their health.Methods From July to September 2022,an electronic questionnaire was issued on the network platform,and college students from Xi'an Jiaotong University were selected to investigate their physical obesity,eating habits,exercise and other related conditions.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the related factors affecting college students'body mass index(BMI).Results In this study,163 questionnaires were collected,with 156(95.71%)valid questionnaires.Among the 156 questionnaires surveyed,the average BMI of college students was(23.10±8.10)kg/m^(2),of which 22(14.10%)were obese,13(8.33%)were overweight,87(55.77%)were normal,and 34(21.79%)were underweight.Univariate analysis results showed that college students with BMI≥24 kg/m^(2) had irregular diet,high-sugar and high-calorie food intake≥3 times per week,daily steps<5000 steps,weekly exercise frequency≤2 times,weekly cumulative exercise duration<2.5 h,failure to formulate and adjust exercise plans,and obesity in family members proportion were higher than those of college students with BMI<24 kg/m^(2),and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).Multivariate Logistic regression results analysis showed that irregular diet,weekly exercise frequency≤2 times,weekly cumulative exercise duration<2.5 h,and failure to formulate and adjust exercise plans were independent risk factors affecting BMI of college students(P<0.05).Conclusion The degree of obesity of college students is affected by many factors.Reasonable dietary structure,regular meals and moderate exercise are important measures to control weight.Improving the dietary collocation of canteens and improving students'enthusiasm for sports can better guarantee the physical quality and health status of college students.