基于硅氧体系的织物用阻燃、疏水双功能涂层

Fabric Coatings Based on Silicon Oxide Structure with both Flame-Retardant and Hydrophobic Properties

织物的阻燃涂层在日常使用和清洁维护中,由于亲水性太强易导致阻燃性能急剧下降,因此阻燃、疏水双功能涂层现已成为织物功能涂层的研究热点。其中硅氧体系化合物由于同时具有高耐热性和低表面能,因而在阻燃和疏水涂层体系中表现优异。本文通过有机硅体系、有机硅/纳米二氧化硅杂化体系以及笼型聚倍半硅氧烷(POSS)体系在高温成炭性、低表面能、表面微纳结构以及可控多功能化等方面的优异展现,层层递进地描述了兼具优异阻燃和疏水性能的织物用涂层的最新研究进展,并探究了其阻燃和疏水性能与硅氧系化合物结构之间的构效关系。最后提出阻燃和疏水性能间的协同机理、高效性的提升以及复杂环境下涂层性能的服役稳定性等,是织物用阻燃、疏水双功能涂层的未来发展方向;并针对功能化织物材料的部分应用场景需求,提出了热点分析与展望。

The flame retardancy of coatings on fabrics would always be destroyed and drastically reduced by daily use or routine maintenance because of their hydrophility.So functional coatings with both flame retardancy and hydrophobicity have become a research focus in fabric field.Coatings of silicon oxide compound with high heat resistance and low surface energy have presented good flame retardancy and hydrophobicity.In this paper,the latest research progress about fabric coatings with both excellent flame retardant and hydrophobic properties is described progressively by organosilicon,organosilicon/nano-silicon and polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane(PosS)system on the aspects of char formation,low surface energy,micro-nano structure and controllable multi-functionalization.The relationship between the structure of silicon oxide compound and the properties of flame-retardancy and hydrophobicity is deeply investigated.Finally,synergetic mechanism of flame-retardancy and hydrophobicity,enhancement of functional efficiency and service stability of coatings in complex environment are put forward as the future development of fabric coatings with both flame-retardancy and hydrophobicity.According to the requirements of some application scenarios of functional fabric materials,the hot spots are analyzed and prospected.