高热沉碳氢喷气燃料吸热反应研究进展

Endothermic Reaction of High Heat Sink Hydrocarbon Jet Fuel

高超音速飞行器是空天领域的重要发展方向,是国家整体科技实力的重要标志。吸热型碳氢燃料为兼具冷却与推进功能,需要具备高热沉、高密度、高热值、高热安定性、低冰点、低结焦和低成本的“四高三低”的基本特征。本文总结了吸热型碳氢燃料吸热反应研究进展,重点关注热裂解、催化裂解和催化蒸汽重整对于热沉的影响,分析了温度、压力和停留时间等热解条件对热沉的影响,考察了燃料组成、分子结构与热裂解间的关联规律,总结了分子筛、纳米颗粒和引发剂对吸热型碳氢燃料催化裂解行为和热沉的影响特性,并对吸热反应过程中的结焦及抑制技术进行了总结,结合发展现状提出了吸热型碳氢燃料未来的研究方向。

Hypersonic vehicle is not only the significant development direction in the field of air and space,but also the important symbol of the overall scientific and technological strength of a country.In order to combine cooling and propulsion functions,endothermic hydrocarbon fuel need to possess the basic characteristics of high heat sink,high density,high calorific value,high thermal stability,low freezing point,low coking and low cost.In this paper,the research progress of endothermic reactions of endothermic hydrocarbon fuels was summarized.This paper focusing on the effects of thermal cracking,catalytic cracking and catalytic steam reforming on heat sink.Firstly,the effects of pyrolysis conditions such as temperature,pressure and residence time on heat sink were analyzed.And then,the correlation between fuel composition,molecular structure and thermal cracking,and the effects of molecular sieves,nanoparticles and initiators on the catalytic cracking behavior and heat sink of endothermic hydrocarbon fuels were summarized.Furthermore,the influence of molecular sieve,nanoparticles and initiator on the catalytic cracking behavior and heat sink of endothermic hydrocarbon fuels,and the coking and inhibition technology in the process of endothermic reaction is summarized.Finally,the future research directions of endothermic hydrocarbon fuels are proposed in the light of the current development.