楚简诗类文献与孔子删《诗》

Chu Bamboo Slips Literature Relating to Poetry and Confucius's Selection of The Book of Songs

孔子删《诗》与否一直是《诗》学史上的一大难题,结合楚简中越来越多的诗类文献,并从古本《诗》的编集流传、孔子时《诗》的形态、主张删《诗》者的论据等角度看,孔子可能并未删《诗》。首先,古本《诗》的编集是一个渐进的过程,乐官最初对诗歌进入《诗》文本进行了一定的整理甚至删削,清华简《耆夜》中的《蟋蟀》和《周公之琴舞》等都启示这一点。其次,《诗》传到孔子时,整体框架等与今本《诗》差别应该不是很大。最后,《史记·孔子世家》所言“及至孔子,去其重,取可施于礼义”的说法有不合事实之处;“诗三百”不是专指孔子所删之《诗》而言,它与《诗》的含义不是对立的,而是大体一致的。总之,孔子并未删《诗》,只是进行了正乐、调整篇次等工作。

Whether Confucius selected The Book of Songs or not has always been a major challenge in the history of studying on The Book of Songs.Based on the increasing number of literature relating to poetry in the Chu bamboo slips,and from the perspec-tives of the compilation and dissemination of ancient version of The Book of Songs,the form of The Book of Songs during Confucius time,and the arguments of advocates for selecting The Book of Songs,it is possible that Confucius did not select The Book of Songs.Firstly,the compilation of ancient version of The Book of Songs has an incremental process.The musical officer initially edi-ted and even deleted the poems that into The Book of Songs.Cricket and Zhou Gong zhi Qin Wu in Tsinghua Bamboo Slips Qiye both revelate it.Secondly,when The Book of Songs was passed down to Confucius,the overall framework should not be very differ-ent from the current version of The Book of Songs.Once again,as mentioned in the Hereditary House of Confucius in the Records of the Grand Historian,"when it was passed down to Confucius,the re-selected parts were deleted,and the parts that could be used to cooperate with the ritual education were selected",this statement is inconsistent with the facts;"Three Hundred Poems"didn't refer specifically to The Book of Songs selected by Confucius,and its meaning was not opposed to The Book of Songs,but generally consistent.In short,Confucius did not select The Book of Songs,but only did some work such as amending rites and music and ad-justing the order of chapters.