复杂铁路工程物资储备体系与库存策略研究

Research on Reserve System and Inventory Strategy of Railway Engineering Materials in Complex Areas

研究目的:复杂艰险地区的铁路建设工程具有资源匮乏、物资运输距离长、物流通道脆弱、仓储设施局限等特点,因此满足长周期复杂艰险地区超大型线状工程物资的动态供应需要,保障铁路工程物资供应水平有重要意义。本文构建铁路工程物资集中储备体系,并以储备体系中较为重要的中心料库为研究对象探讨其库存策略,在保证供应的基础上,求解出工程物资最优订货点和订货量,以达到长期平均库存成本的最小化。研究结论:(1)构建铁路工程物资三级储备体系,建立物资储备基地,在出现物资供应中断风险时保障施工单位物资及时供给;(2)考虑艰险地区物资供应具有随机提前期、随机需求、工程物资价格波动等特点,采用(R,Q)库存策略优化标段内中心料库库存;(3)结合数值算例,考虑允许缺货以及不允许缺货情况下的中心料库最优订货点和订货量;(4)本研究成果可为集中储备管理的进一步研究提供理论参考。

Research purposes:Railway construction projects in complex and difficult areas are characterized by a lack of resources,long transport distances for materials,fragile logistics channels and limited reserve,facilities,etc.It is important to meet the dynamic supply needs of super-large linear engineering materials in complex and difficult areas in a long cycle and enhance the level of guarantee for the supply of railway engineering materials.In this paper,the centralized reserve system of railway engineering materials is constructed,the inventory strategy of central warehouse within the bid section is proposed,and the optimal ordering point and quantity of engineering materials are obtained to minimize the long-term average inventory cost.Research conclusions:(1)The three-level reserve system of railway engineering materials is constructed,and the material reserve base is established to ensure the timely supply of materials by the construction unit when the risk of material supply interruption occurs.(2)Considering the random lead time,random demand,price fluctuation of engineering materials and other factors,the inventory strategy(R,Q)is adopted to optimize the central warehouse inventory of bid section.(3)Combined with numerical examples,the optimal order point and order quantity of central warehouse are considered under the condition of allowable and non-allowable stock shortage.(4)The research results can provide theoretical reference for further research of centralized reserve management.