我国突发公共卫生事件中医疗挤兑治理研究

Research on the Governance of Medical Run in Public Health Emergencies in China

医疗挤兑是突发公共卫生事件中出现的普遍问题,也是应急管理中的难点问题。医疗挤兑是外部冲击下的医疗资源供需失衡,尤其是峰值需求下的资源配置失序现象,它不仅会损害人民健康,而且会衍生出次生灾害,冲击整个社会的经济发展,影响社会的正常运行。治理医疗挤兑的关键是控需增供,即合理控制和分流需求,增加多元、多渠道供给,实现峰值供需平衡。实现路径上,必须完善突发公共卫生事件预警机制,构建多元化医疗物资存储体系,强化供应韧性,提升产能储备,扩大增量;基于疾病轻重急缓程度,合理分流分类,平衡突发公共卫生事件中的医疗需求和常规医疗需求,防止次生灾害。同时加强基层医疗卫生机构应对突发公共卫生事件的复原力,促进疾病预防和治疗的平衡,形成治理医疗挤兑的长效机制。

Medical run is a common problem that occurs in public health emergencies,it is also a difficult issue in emergency management.Medical run is the imbalance between supply and demand of medical resources under external shocks,especially the out-of-order resource allocation under peak demand,it not only damages people's health,but also generates secondary disasters,impacts the entire society's economy,normal functioning of society.The key to managing medical run is to control demand and increase supply,that is,to reasonably control and divert demand,increase diversified and multi-channel supply,and achieve a balance between peak supply and demand.On the path to realization,we should improve the early warning mechanism for public health emergencies,build diversified medical material storage system,strengthen supply resilience,increase production capacity reserve,and expand increments.Based on the severity of diseases,reasonable triage and classification should be carried out to balance the medical demands and traditional medical demands in public health emergencies and prevent secondary disasters.At the same time,It s necessary to strengthen the resilience of grassroots medical institutions to respond to public health emergencies,promote a new balance between disease prevention and treatment,and establish a long-term mechanism to control medical runs.