神经外科手术机器人临床应用的伦理探析

Ethical Analysis on the Clinical Application of Neurosurgical Robots

神经外科是最早应用手术机器人的亚专科之一。近年来,随着人工智能的发展,神经外科手术机器人的临床应用越来越广泛,呈现出数量迅猛增长、种类日益丰富的趋势。由于人脑的特殊性和复杂性,神经外科手术机器人在临床应用中也面临着更多的伦理学挑战,包括存在与不伤害原则相冲突的可能、获取患者知情同意的挑战、判断责任主体的困境以及对社会公平性的影响。从提升应用安全保障、确保信息的告知与理解、强化伦理监管与明确责任以及促进患者的公平受益4个方面提出应对之策,以期在促进神经外科手术机器人临床应用的同时,最大限度保障患者安全,维护患者权益。

Neurosurgery is one of the earliest subspecialties to adopt surgical robots.With the advancement of artificial intelligence,the use of neurosurgical robots in clinical settings has significantly increased,both in diversity and quantity.Due to the unique complexity of the human brain,neurosurgical robots face numerous ethical challenges in their clinical application.These challenges include potential conflicts with the principle of non-maleficence,difficulties in obtaining informed consent from patients,dilemmas in assigning responsibility,and concerns regarding social equity.This paper proposes strategies addressing these ethical issues from four perspectives:enhancing the safety of applications,ensuring effective communication and patient understanding of information,reinforcing ethical oversight and responsibility clarification,and promoting equitable patient benefits.The aim is to maximize patient safety and protect their rights and interests while advancing the clinical application of neurosurgical robots.