海洋CO_(2)地质封存研究进展与发展趋势

Research progress and development trend of marine CO_(2) geological storage

CO_(2)捕集、利用和封存是中国实现“双碳”目标的核心技术,也是全球研究的热点。CO_(2)地质封存是其中的关键环节,特别是海洋CO_(2)地质封存是今后的重点发展方向。以国内外海洋CO_(2)地质封存的发展历程为基础,结合典型CO_(2)海洋封存示范项目案例,系统梳理了国内外海洋CO_(2)地质封存理论研究进展,分析了CO_(2)在井筒流动、相变与传热、CO_(2)流体运移与储层物性参数展布规律、海洋地质封存机制及封存潜力、地质封存盖层完整性及安全性评估等方面的研究现状。认识到中国目前对海底地质结构中CO_(2)注入过程的多相态转化、溶解、捕获传质特征及动力学特性认识尚浅,对海洋封存机制及不同封存机制之间的相互作用机理尚不明确,未来应开展海洋CO_(2)动态地质封存空间重构机制研究,解决地质封存相态转化及流体动态迁移机理等关键科学问题,揭示海洋CO_(2)地质封存机制的相互作用机理,形成适用于中国海洋地质封存CO_(2)高效注入和增效封存方法。

Carbon dioxide capture,utilization and storage is the core technology to achieve the goal of“dual car⁃bon”in China,and it is also a hotspot of global studies.CO_(2) geological storage is the key link,especially marine CO_(2) geological storage is the key development direction.Based on development history of marine CO_(2) geological stor⁃age in China and abroad,and combined with typical CO_(2) marine storage demonstration project cases,this paper sys⁃tematically reviews theoretical research progress of marine CO_(2) geological storage in China and abroad.The research status of CO_(2) flow,phase transition and heat transfer in wellbore,CO_(2) fluid migration and reservoir property param⁃eters distribution law,mechanism and potential of marine geological storage,and integrity and safety evaluation of geological storage cap are analyzed,recognizing that China currently has less understanding of multi-phase transi⁃tion,dissolution,capture and mass transfer characteristics and dynamic characteristics of CO_(2) injection process in seabed geological structure,and has not clarified mechanism of marine storage and interaction mechanism among different storage mechanisms.Future studies should be carried out on spatial reconstruction mechanism of marine CO_(2) dynamic geological storage to solve key scientific problems such as phase transition and fluid dynamic migra⁃tion mechanism of geological storage,reveal interaction mechanism of marine CO_(2) geological storage mechanism,and form efficient CO_(2) injection and synergized storage methods suitable for marine geological storage in China.