CO_(2)捕集、利用和封存在能源行业的应用:全球案例分析和启示

Applications of CO_(2) capture,utilization and storage in energy industry:Global cases review and insights

为了实现中国21世纪中叶达到碳中和,大规模应用CO_(2)捕获、利用和封存(CCUS)技术可以减少能源行业的温室气体排放。通过对国内外CCUS技术、项目的调研,得出了关于未来CCUS部署的3个见解,这些见解有助于能源行业实现转型。首先,碳源浓度较低导致碳捕集效率低,从而导致碳捕集的经济成本较高的问题是目前CCUS项目无法商业化的主要因素,在发展当前的碳捕集技术,提高捕集效率和降低捕集成本的同时也应大力研究空气捕集技术,尤其是在工艺设计和新型吸附材料研发方面,争取实现弯道超车;其次,CO_(2)在油气藏和咸水层的封存与利用应当作为CCUS技术研究的重点,逐步实现大规模推广,并在技术升级和体系完善的基础上推广CO_(2)增强地热、煤层气等其他耦合技术;最后,应当在当前国际上较成熟的碳政策的基础上研究适合中国的激励政策,建立有效的法律法规。论文总结了当前CCUS的关键挑战,并为未来的CCUS研究方向提供了指导方向。

Large-scale CO_(2) capture,utilization,and storage(CCUS)can reduce greenhouse gas emissions to help China achieve carbon neutrality by the mid-21st century.A series of CO_(2) sequestration projects are reviewed and 3 insights on future CCUS implementation are provided consequently.These insights can help the energy industry smoothly shift towards energy transition.First,the low CO_(2) concentration from emitters results in a low capture effi⁃ciency,causing a high economic cost of carbon capture which is a dominating challenge to commercialize CCUS projects.As such,the development of existing CO_(2) capture technologies shall aim to improve capture efficiency and reduce capture costs.In addition,the feasibility of direct air capture technology shall be further investigated,espe⁃cially focusing on the configuration designs and the novel adsorption materials development to succeed in overtak⁃ing.Second,permanent CO_(2) sequestration in depleted hydrocarbon reservoirs and saline aquifers should be exam⁃ined in terms of underlying the feasibility of practical field applications,and coupling with other technologies such as CO_(2)-enhanced geothermal and enhanced coalbed methane recovery.Lastly,suitable incentive policies for China should be studied and effective laws and regulations should be established on the basis of current international ma⁃ture carbon policies.This paper summarizes the key challenges of current CCUS and provides insights for future re⁃search directions.