石榴果实表面真菌的分离鉴定及致病性测定

Isolation,identification and pathogenicity of fungi on the surface of pomegranate fruit

【目的】研究新疆喀什石榴果实表面真菌的种类,并测试其对石榴果实的致病能力。【方法】分离纯化石榴果实表面真菌,通过形态学和分子生物学对真菌进行鉴定分类,并通过刺伤接种试验测定真菌对石榴果实的致病性,为新疆石榴果实真菌病害的预防与治理提供数据参考。【结果】分离鉴定了7株不同的石榴表面真菌,其中4株可明显致石榴果实腐烂:琉球曲霉(Aspergillus luchuensis)和意大利青霉(Penicillium italicum)对石榴果皮和籽粒均表现出较高的侵染能力,水葫芦链格孢(Alternaria eichhorniae)仅对籽粒果肉具有较高侵染能力,阿氏青霉(Penicillium adametzioide)对石榴果皮和籽粒侵染能力较弱。红色篮状菌(Talaromyes rubrifaciens)、南极枝孢菌(Cladosporium antarcticum)和煤油霉菌(Amorphotheca resinae)未表现出对果皮和籽粒明显的致病能力。【结论】新疆南疆生态条件下石榴果实主要致病菌较其他适生地存在一定区别。

【Objective】To preliminarily explore the fungal species on the surface of Kashgar pomegranate fruits and test their pathogenic ability.This finding has provided data reference for the prevention and control of fungal diseases in pomegranate fruit in Xinjiang.【Methods】The fungi on the surface of pomegranate fruit were isolated,purified,identified and classified by morphology and molecular biology,and then the pathogenicity of fungi to pomegranate fruit was determined by puncture inoculation test.【Results】Seven different fungi were isolated and identified,among which,the following four could obviously cause pomegranate fruit rot.Both of Aspergillus luchuensis and Penicillium italicum showed higher infection ability to pomegranate peel and grain;Alternaria eichhorniae only had higher infection ability to pomegranate pulp;Penicillium adametzioid had weaker infection ability to pomegranate peel and grain.In addition,Talaromyes rubrifaciens,Cladosporium antarctica and Amorphotheca resinae did not show obvious pathogenicity to peel and grain.【Conclusion】The main pathogenic bacteria of pomegranate fruit under the ecological conditions in southern Xinjiang are different from those in other suitable growing habitats in China.