杉木和湿地松容器育苗轻基质配方优选

Selection of Formula of Light Substrates for Container Seedlings of Cunninghamia lanceolata and Pinus elliottii

为了降低容器育苗轻基质成本,提高林区易获取轻基质比例,将泥炭、蛭石、珍珠岩、发酵牛粪、发酵松鳞、发酵木屑、砻糠按不同体积比配制成7种不同配方基质,每立方米基质施加N、P2O5、K2O含量分别为18%、6%和12%的控释肥4 kg,研究其对杉木Cunninghamia lanceolata和湿地松Pinus elliottii 1年生实生容器苗成活率和生长量的影响。结果表明,不同配方基质对1年生实生容器苗苗高、地径生长量和成活率均有显著影响,综合生长性状和成本,筛选出适合培育1年生杉木和湿地松实生容器苗的最优基质配方均为泥炭∶珍珠岩∶发酵牛粪∶发酵木屑∶发酵松鳞=0.3∶0.1∶0.2∶0.15∶0.25。尽管筛选的配方与传统配方(泥炭∶蛭石∶珍珠岩=0.4∶0.3∶0.3)在苗木生长量和成活率上没有显著差异,但育苗成本降低了25%。以上研究结果可为南方地区杉木和湿地松容器苗高效培育提供理论指导。

Seven different formula of substrates for seedling cultivation of Cunninghamia lanceolata and Pinus elliottii were prepared with peat,vermiculite,perlite,fermented dairy manure,fermented pine bark,fermented wood chips,and rice hull.4 kg controlled release fertilizer with 18%of N,6%of P2O5 and 12%of K2O was mixed in each cubic meter of substrate.On 16th December 2020,seeds of C.lanceolata and P.elliottii were sowed in plug.On 15th April 2021,seedlings were transplanted in 7 substrates.On 20th December 2021,investigations were carried out on ground diameter,seedling height and survival rate.The results showed that different substrates had significant effect on the growth and quality of container seedlings.The experiment resulted the optimal formula for cultivation of container C.lanceolata and P.elliottii seedlings was as follows:peat:perlite:fermented dairy manure:fermented wood chips:fermented pine bark=0.3:0.1:0.2:0.15:0.25.There was no significant difference in seedling growth and survival rate between the selected formula and the traditional formula(peat:vermiculite:perlite=0.4:0.3:0.3),but the cost of the selected formula was reduced by 25%.