宋元时期的道教管理政策及其特点

Taoist Management Policies and Their Characteristics in the Song and Yuan Dynasties

宋元统治者的道教管理政策可以分为两大方面:一是以神道设教思想,如道教的仙理仙迹论证政权神圣合法性、征召高道咨问治国养生之道,这成为崇道政策的基本表现;二是严格管控,惩处不法,具体包括划清教俗界限,控制教团规模,设官管理与惩处作奸犯科等,这成为控道政策的基本表现。宋元时期,道教管理政策在很大程度上呈现一脉相承的特点。加强对历史时期道教管理政策的研究,对于了解当时道教与政教的互动关系具有一定的学术价值。

The Taoist management policies of the rulers of the Song and Yuan Dynasties can be divided into two major aspects:one is the idea of enlightening people to follow the lead of heaven,such as Taoist immortal principles and deeds to demonstrate the divine legitimacy of the regime and recruiting Taoist masters to consult on how to govern the country,which has become the policy of promoting Taoism,the other is to control Taoism strictly and to punish the wrongdoing,which specifically includes drawing clear boundaries between religion and secularism,controlling the size of religious groups,setting up officials to manage and punish criminals and adulterers,etc.This has become the basic manifestation of the policy of controlling Taoism.During the Song and Yuan Dynasties,Taoist management policies showed the same characteristics to a large extent.