一种适用于载人航天飞行的针织手套设计及性能分析

Design and Performance Analysis of Knitted Glove for Manned Spaceflight

针对载人航天飞行任务中航天服配套的舒适手套,开展研究设计与样品试制,以传统的纯棉天然纤维与高性能的聚酰亚胺纤维2种材料织造的针织手套为对象,在力学性能、吸湿性、透气性、热传导性等方面进行比对实验与分析,同时针对聚酰亚胺在卫生学、远红外等原生特性方面开展实验验证。结果表明:相对于棉针织手套,聚酰亚胺针织手套的力学性能与热稳定性更优,使用过程中脱出物更少,对载人航天飞行应用的环境更加友好;基于聚酰亚胺纤维的低吸湿与低导热特性,在航天服内部人手出汗与环境温度变化下的干湿态转换过程中,针织手套的性能损失较小;聚酰亚胺纤维原生性的远红外特性与抗菌抑菌能力能够为针织手套在肢体末端湿冷环境下提供更好的温热性与卫生学满足性。

Using cotton fibers and polyimide fibers,the lining gloves were designed and trial⁃pro⁃duced for manned spaceflight missions.The mechanical property,the hygroscopicity,the permeabil⁃ity and the thermal conductivity were tested and analyzed.Meanwhile,according to the native char⁃acteristics of polyimide on hygienics and far infrared,relevant tests were performed.The results in⁃dicated that polyimide knitted glove had better mechanical properties and thermal stability as com⁃pared with the cotton knitted glove.In the course of using,polyimide knitted glove produced less re⁃mainder particles which was beneficial for the environment of manned spaceflight.Based on the characteristics of low hygroscopicity and low thermal conductivity,in the course of dry⁃wet transition due to hand perspiring and temperature variation in spacesuit,the polyimide knitted glove could work more stability than its counterpart cotton.The far infrared radiation properties,the antibacterial and bacteriostatic ability could provide warm feeling and health for hands in cold and wet environ⁃ment.