我国退役运动员安置政策的执行困境与治理策略

Implementation Dilemma and Solution Strategy of Placement Policy for Retired Athletes in China

运用文献资料、专家访谈等方法,基于政策网络理论视角,对我国退役运动员安置政策执行的现实困境和破解路径进行研究。研究发现:我国退役运动员安置政策网络主要包括以中央政府为主导的政策社群、以地方政府及其主管部门为中心的府际网络、以专家学者科研机构和行业组织为核心的专业网络、由资源提供者构成的生产者网络以及成员复杂松散的议题网络,各类网络间的互动博弈影响退役运动员就业安置政策的执行成效。我国退役运动员安置政策面临以下执行困境:政策社群同府际社群衔接不畅导致政策落实低效;府际网络部门间协调合作机制缺乏增加了政策执行的复杂性;府际网络与生产者网络的矛盾叠加导致政策执行效果衰减;政策社群与专业网络和议题网络间良性互动机制缺失致使政策执行困难。为此,需明确政策社群和府际网络的权责分工,加强对府际网络监督与激励机制的构建;以合作式治理理念为引领,构建府际网络部门间联动协同机制;综合运用多类型政策工具,提高府际网络与生产者网络间的资源配置效能;构建良性的互动机制,发挥府际网络与专业网络和议题网络的正向整合作用。

Using literature,expert interviews and other research methods,based on the perspective of policy network theory,this paper studied the practical difficulties and solutions of the implementation of China’s retired athletes’resettlement policy.It is found that the policy network for the placement of retired athletes in China mainly includes the policy community led by the central government,the intergovernmental network centered on local governments and their competent departments,the professional network centered on experts,scholars,scientific research institutions and industry organizations,the producer network composed of resource providers and the topic network with complex and loose members,the interactive game between various networks affects the implementation effect of the employment and resettlement policy for retired athletes.The resettlement policy of retired athletes in China faces the following difficulties:the poor connection between the policy community and the intergovernmental community leads to the inefficient implementation of the policy;The lack of inter departmental coordination and cooperation mechanism of intergovernmental network increases the complexity of policy implementation;The superposition of contradictions between intergovernmental network and producer network leads to the attenuation of policy implementation effect;The lack of benign interaction mechanism between policy community and professional network and issue network makes policy implementation difficult.Therefore,it is necessary to clarify the division of rights and responsibilities between the policy community and the intergovernmental network,and strengthen the construction of the supervision and incentive mechanism of the Intergovernmental network;Guided by the concept of cooperative governance,build a linkage and coordination mechanism between intergovernmental networks and departments;Comprehensively use various policy tools to improve the efficiency of resource allocation between intergovernmental network and producer network;Build a benign interaction mechanism and give full play to the positive integration role of intergovernmental network,professional network and issue network.