体操游戏干预促进幼儿自我控制和运动协调能力的实验研究

Experimental Study of Effectiveness of Gymnastic Games Intervention on Promoting Preschoolers’Self-control and Motor Coordination

目的:检验体操游戏干预对幼儿自我控制、运动协调的影响。方法:以杭州市某幼儿园两个园区的114名3~5岁幼儿为实验对象(其中实验组58人),采用准实验不等同比较组前后测设计,对实验组进行为期10周、每周2次、每次20~30 min的体操游戏干预,同时对照组进行户外身体活动,干预前后测量幼儿的认知自控、行为自控和运动协调能力。结果:2(时间)×2(实验处理)重复测量方差分析显示,认知自控的交互作用显著(F=6.72,P<0.05,η_(p)^(2)=0.064),行为自控的变化不具有统计学意义(F=0.15,P>0.05,η_(p)^(2)=0.002);精细动作、运动协调总分的交互作用非常显著(F_(精细动作)=12.48,P<0.001,η_(p)^(2)=0.11;F_(运动协调总分)=10.76,P<0.001,η_(p)^(2)=0.099),定位和抓取的交互作用显著(F=5.93,P<0.05,η_(p)^(2)=0.057),动静态平衡的变化不具有统计学意义(F=1.10,P>0.05,η_(p)^(2)=0.011)。结论:体操游戏干预能够促进幼儿认知自我控制和运动协调能力及精细动作、手眼协调能力的发展。

To investigate the effect of gymnastic games intervention on preschoolers’self-control and motor coordination.Methods:A total of 114 preschoolers aged 3-5 years old from two parks of one kindergarten in Hangzhou were selected as the participants(58 preschoolers were randomly assigned into the experimental group).The pre-and post-test design of the quasi-experimental in-equivalent comparison group was adopted,and the experimental group was given 20-30 minutes of gymnastics game intervention for 10 weeks,twice a week,while the control group was given outdoor physical activities.Cognitive self-control,behavioral self-control and motor coordination were measured before and after the intervention.Results:2(times)×2(treatments)repeated measure analysis of variance showed that significant interaction effects favoring the experimental groups were observed for cognitive self-control(F=6.72,P<0.05,η_(p)^(2)=0.064),while the change of behavioral self-control was not significant(F=0.15,P>0.05,η_(p)^(2)=0.002);the interaction of manual dexterity and motor coordination were highly significant(Fmanual dexterity=12.48,P<0.001,η_(p)^(2)=0.11;Fmotor coordination=10.76,P<0.001,=0.099),the interaction of aiming and catching was significant(F=5.93,P<0.05,η_(p)^(2)=0.057),but the change of balance was not statistically significant(F=1.10,P>0.05,η_(p)^(2)=0.011).Conclusions:The intervention of gymnastic games can promote preschoolers’cognitive self-control and motor coordination,manual dexterity hand-eye coordination development.